词条 | Tourism in Greece | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Greece attracted over as much as 33 million visitors in 2018, 30.1 million visitors in 2017 and 26.5 million in 2015,[4] [5][6][7][8] [9]making Greece one of the most visited countries in Europe and the world, and contributing around 25% to the nation's Gross Domestic Product.[10] Its capital city Athens, as well as Santorini, Mykonos, Rhodes, Corfu, Crete and Chalkidice are some of the country's major tourist destinations. In recent years, Greece has also promoted religious tourism and pilgrimages to regions with a significant historical religious presence, such as the monasteries in Meteora and Mount Athos, in cooperation with other countries.[11] Land and climateGreece has a Mediterranean climate along its coasts and islands. Once inland, many areas and cities experience a continental climate.[12] Summers are usually hot and dry, while winters are generally mild and wet. Northern Greece can experience cold winters, while Southern Greece and the islands experience considerably milder winters.[13] HistoryTourism in Greece traces its roots to ancient times. Cultural exchange took place between the Greek colonies of Magna Graeca and the young Roman Republic before Rome's rise to dominance of the Western Mediterranean. When Greece was annexed by the Roman Empire centuries later, the cultural exchange that started between the two civilization triggered as a result a large number of Romans visiting the famous centers of Greek philosophy and science, such as Athens, Corinth and Thebes, partly because Greece had become a province of the Roman Empire and Greeks were granted Roman citizenship. Tourism in modern-day Greece started to flourish in the 1960s and 1970s, in what became known as mass tourism.[14] During that time, large-scale construction projects for hotels and other such facilities were undertaken, and the country saw an increase in international tourists over the years.[14] International events such as the 2004 Summer Olympic Games and the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, both held in Athens, greatly helped to boost tourism in the country, while large-scale nationally funded cultural infrastructure such as the New Acropolis Museum also contributed to the flow of tourists in the country. Thessaloniki was the European Youth capital in 2014. {{wide image|SantoriniPartialPano.jpg|1500px|VisitorsIn 2009, the country welcomed over 19.3 million tourists,[15] a major increase from the 17.7 million tourists the country welcomed in 2008.[16] The vast majority of tourists in the country are from within the European Union (12.7 million), followed by those from the Americas (0.56 million), Asia (0.52 million), Oceania (0.1 million) and Africa (0.06 million).[17] In the year 2007, more British people visited the country than any other nationality, numbering 2.61 million in total, making up 15% of the country's tourists for that year alone. Additionally, 2.3 million Germans, 1.8 million Albanians and 1.1 million Bulgarians visited the country that year.[17] In 2007, 92.8% of the total number of tourists in Greece were from countries in Europe.[17] The most-visited region of Greece is that of Central Macedonia in northern Greece, near some of the most popular attractions in the country such as Halkidiki, Mount Olympus, Pella, the birthplace of Alexander the Great, and Greece's second-largest city, Thessaloniki.[16] In 2009, Central Macedonia welcomed 3.6 million tourists, or 18% of the total number of tourists who visited Greece that year,[16] followed by Attica (2.6 million) and the Peloponnese (1.8 million).[15] Northern Greece is the country's most-visited region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece comes second with 6.3 million.[15] According to a survey conducted in China in 2015, Greece was voted as the Chinese people's number one choice as a tourist destination.[18] In November 2016, Austria, like China, announced that Greece was the favourite tourist destination for its citizens.[19] In line with these observations, Greece's former Minister of Tourism Aris Spiliotopoulos announced the opening of a Greek National Tourism Organization office in Shanghai by the end of 2010, and GNTO currently operates two tourism offices in China, one in Shanghai and one in Beijing.[20] It is estimated that throughout 2013 Greece welcomed over 17.93 million tourists, an increase of {{increase}} 10% compared to 2012. More than 22 million tourists visited Greece in 2014 and this number increased to 26 million visitors in 2015 and is projected to attract 28 million visitors in 2016,[21][22][23] making it one of the most visited countries in Europe and the world. Tourism in Greece will typically peak between May and September where approximately 75% of all tourist visits happen.[24] Arrivals by countryThe neighboring North Macedonia had the highest number of tourists visiting Greece in 2015. The top 10 countries were:[25]
Economic impactAt the same time, tourism consumption increased considerably since the turn of the millennium, from US$17.7 bn. in 2000 to US$29.6 bn. in 2004. The numbers of jobs directly or indirectly related to the tourism sector were 659,719 and represented 16.5% of the country's total employment for that year. InfrastructureAs a developed country highly dependent on tourism, Greece offers a wide variety of tourist facilities.[26] Tourism infrastructure in Greece has been greatly improved since the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and continues to expand with a number of important projects particularly in areas of less mass-tourism.[27] Beach resorts{{Location map many | Greece|relief= |width=350 |caption =Beach resorts |lat1_deg=35.240117 |lon1_deg=24.809269 |label1=Crete |lat2_deg=36.891506 |lon2_deg=27.287723 |label2=Kos |lat3_deg=39.624262 |lon3_deg=19.921678 |label3=Corfu |lat4_deg=38.175368 |lon4_deg=20.569218 |label4=Kefalonia |lat5_deg=37.787033 |lon5_deg=20.899876 |label5=Zante |lat6_deg=39.163520 |lon6_deg=23.490167 |label6=Skiathos |lat7_deg=40.053601 |lon7_deg=23.406170 |label7=Halkidiki }} Some popular beach resorts include Crete, Rhodes, Kos, Corfu, Kefalonia, Zante and Skiathos attracting millions of foreign tourists every year.[28] Hotels and conference facilitiesConference tourism, targeted at academic, business, or cultural markets, is a cornerstone of the Greek national tourism policy. As a result, the Greek government, with strong support from local authorities, has been offering lucrative cash grants, leasing and employment subsidies and tax allowances to establish new conference facilities and expand existing ones. In a recent report in Meeting and Incentive Travel, Greece was ranked eighth in the world in overnight stays for conferences. Figures from the Tourism Satellite Accounting Research, conducted by WTTC (World Travel & Tourism Council) project a worldwide increase in revenues in business travel to Greece from US $1.51 bn. in 2001 to US $2.69 bn. in 2011. In 1998, the figure stood at US $1.18 bn. According to the Hellenic Chamber of Hotels in 2016, the number of hotels in Greece was by classification (bedplaces):[29]
MarinasGreece has 51 marinas and 14,661 mooring places that provide such services as berths, fuel, water and electricity, telephony, and repairs. Some of the most developed and busiest marinas in Greece are just a few kilometres from the centre of Athens. The marinas of Alimos and Flisvos, on the south coast of Athens, have an aggregated capacity of more than 1,800 vessels. Spas and thermal springsGreece has 752 thermosprings. Many have been classified as therapeutic by the National Institute for Geographical and Mineral Research. Several of them were known and exploited already since antiquity. Thermal or curative tourism was, after all, one of the earliest forms of tourism in the ancient world. In 1983 was founded the Hellenic Association of Municipalities with Thermal Springs Some of these ancient "spa resorts" were situated in Aidipsos, known from the time of Aristotle,[30] Loutraki, mentioned by Xenophon,[31] Traianoupoli , founded by the emperor Trajan in the 2nd century A.D., whereas some others are attested in the Byzantine period, such as the Thermal baths of Langadas . In the late 19th and the beginning of the 20th century these hot springs were surrounded by cosmopolitan facilities, namely hotels and restaurants, whereas several prominent members of the society of both the Modern Greek State and the Ottoman State (for regions still incorporated in it) invested in touristic infrastructure and private estates.[32] Thermal tourism became particularly widespread in the 1960s and 1970s, whereas in the 1980s it was widely supported by a social tourism program, which subsidized large part of the expenses for the elderly users of the facilities. Nowadays, however, there is an urgent need to refurbish, restore and elevate these spas to modern standards and create an international clientele. Visitors, however, can already find high-standard touristic facilities in Pozar , in Aidipsos and in Kamena Vourla , in Loutraki close to Corinth as well as at Kaiafas, on the western shores of the Peloponnese . A detailed List of spa towns in Greece can give an insight in the inexorable richness of thermal springs of the country. {{wide image|20100728 Corfu island old town panoramic Greece.jpg|1500px|View of the town of Corfu}}Cultural attractionsMuseums{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}Several kinds of museums are located in the Hellenic Republic. Generally speaking, every major city and town in Greece has its own Archaeological Museum, which houses findings from the nearby area. However, most of them can be found in the big cities like Athens, where the famous New Acropolis Museum and the National Archaeological Museum are located. Furthermore, there is a vast number of galleries like the National Gallery (Athens). There are many museums in Thessaloniki too, like the Byzantine Museum. Overall, there are approximately 150 museums all over the country which are easily accessible by tourists. Archaeological sites and cities{{Location map many | Greece|relief= |width=350 |caption =Archaeological sites and cities |lat1_deg=36.43 |lon1_deg=28.21 |label1=Rhodes |lat2_deg=36.091849 |lon2_deg=28.085665 |label2=Lindos |lat3_deg=38.482387 |lon3_deg=22.500970 |label3=Delphi |lat4_deg=35.29 |lon4_deg=25.15 |label4=Knossos |lat5_deg=37.07 |lon5_deg=22.43 |label5=Sparta |lat6_deg=38.79 |lon6_deg=22.54 |label6=Thermopylae |lat7_deg=37.63 |lon7_deg=21.62 |label7=Olympia |lat8_deg=37.98 |lon8_deg=23.72 |label8=Athens }}{{Prose|date=September 2018}}{{Expand section|date=January 2018}}
EcotourismGreece has become in recent years a destination for ecotourism (especially hiking, canoeing, caving and climbing).[33] The main destinations for skiing in Greece are Arachova, Kalavryta, Karpenisi and Metsovo.[34] The Greek government is trying to bring more and more ecotourism to help and save the enviornment. So tourists and locals alike can have a clean enviornment.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Promoting Greek tourismThe government intends to promote winter tourism in Greece, which could potentially increase international arrivals even further. Tourism in Greece is run by the Greek National Tourism Organisation (GNTO) who used Helena Paparizou, a famous Greek singer who won Eurovision Song Contest in 2005 as an ambassador. Singer Sakis Rouvas,[35] who represented Greece in the 2009 Eurovision song contest, is currently the ambassador for Greek Tourism. The advertisements displayed in the GNTO's web"site still focus on the triptych of sea, sun and sand. However, the tourism campaign is undergoing a significant change as city-breaks and conference tourism are promoted, along with cultural and wellness tourism. The impact of the new campaign will hopefully result in increased tourist revenues. The name of commercials is "You in Greece". GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Greece Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (17)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gr|website=Unesco|publisher=Unesco}} 2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=NusCmIGiCg8C&pg=PA369&dq=%22Glorious+beaches%22+Greece&ei=DA4JSd-cJ5rStQPLqqyQAg Greece] by Paul Hellander, Kate Armstrong, Michael Clark, Des Hannigan 3. ^{{cite web|title=13 Places Where You Can See the Bluest Water in the World |url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/nature-travel/bluest-water-destinations#intro |publisher=Travel+Leisure |accessdate=16 March 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://hellasjournal.com/2019/01/entyposiazoyn-ta-stoicheia-toy-ypoyrgeioy-toyrismoy-ta-esoda-xepernoyn-ta-21-dis-eyro/|title=Tourism Ministry statistics impress|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=30 January 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/alles-ypodomes/touristikes-ypodomes-tourismos/item/43764-pros-neo-rekor-me-32-5-ekatommyria-touristes-odeyei-i-ellada-gia-to-2018 | title=Towards 32.5 million record of tourists in Greece for 2018 | publisher=ypodomes.com | accessdate=7 April 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://avgi.gr/article/10808/8822196/elena-kountoura-epipleon-dyo-ekat-touristes-tha-episkephtoun-ten-ellada-to-2018 | title=Extra 2 million tourists to visit Greece | publisher=Avgi | accessdate=7 April 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Great record: 30 million tourists in 2016 (Μεγάλο ρεκόρ: Αγγιξαν τα 30 εκατ. οι τουρίστες το 2016) |url=http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=26516&subid=2&pubid=114407895 |publisher=imerisia.gr |accessdate=30 April 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Historic records for tourism (Ιστορικό ρεκόρ για τον τουρισμό) |url=http://www.topontiki.gr/article/141547/istoriko-rekor-gia-ton-toyrismo |publisher=topontiki.gr |accessdate=6 March 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=https://twitter.com/UNWTO/status/1091744368363479041 | title=UNWTO | publisher=Tweeter | accessdate=18 March 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.marketinggreece.com/blog/o-toyrismos-einai-ypothesi-olon-mas | title=Tourism involves everyone | accessdate=18 March 2019}} 11. ^{{cite web |title= Greece Focuses on Religious Tourism, Explores Cooperation with Russia |url=http://news.gtp.gr/2016/05/20/greece-focuses-religious-tourism-russia/ |publisher= gtp.gr |accessdate=6 March 2017 |date= 2016-05-20 }} 12. ^{{Cite web |url= https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/greece|title=Climate in Greece: temperature, precipitation, when to go, what to pack |website= www.climatestotravel.com |language=en |access-date= 2018-02-19}} 13. ^{{Cite web |url= https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/Greece.htm |title= Climate of the World: Greece {{!}} weatheronline.co.uk |website= www.weatheronline.co.uk |language=en-GB |access-date= 2018-02-19}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.greeka.com/greece/greece-tourism.htm |title=Greece Tourism: Information about tourism in Greece and the Greek Islands |publisher= www.greeka.com |accessdate=17 May 2011}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/setupModifyTableLayout.do |title=Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments – regional – annual data |year=2010 |publisher= epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |accessdate=19 May 2011}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-HA-10-001-11/EN/KS-HA-10-001-11-EN.PDF |title=Tourism |year=2010 |publisher= epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |accessdate=19 May 2011}} 17. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://en.protothema.gr/24-2-mln-tourists-to-greece-in-2014/ |title=24.2 mln tourist arrivals in Greece in 2014 |date=April 2015 |publisher=Proto thema |accessdate= 17 July 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200506/17/eng20050617_190760.html|title=People's Daily Online -- Minister says Greece, China to be 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τουρισμό|publisher=}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Tourism in Greece|url=http://www.greeka.com/greece-travel/tourism.htm|publisher=Greeka.com|accessdate=28 March 2014}} 25. ^NON-RESIDENTS ARRRIVALS FROM ABROAD: January – December 2015, Retrieved 31 October 2016 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1127.html|title=Country Information|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2015}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.costanavarino.com|title=Luxury Resorts and Residences in Greece – Costa Navarino|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2015}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.grhotels.gr/GR/BussinessInfo/News/Lists/List/Attachments/408/ENG-GreekTourismHotels2013.pdf}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.grhotels.gr/GR/BussinessInfo/library/DocLib/Total-Country_2016.pdf |title=Ξενοδοχειακό Δυναμικό Ελλάδας 2016 - Σύνολο Χώρας |year=2016 |publisher=www.grhotels.gr |archiveurl=}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thermalsprings.gr/index.php/en/component/content/article/78-thermal-springs-presentation/central-greece/141-aidipsos-en|title=Hellenic Association Of Municipalities With Thermal Springs|first=Super|last=User|website=www.thermalsprings.gr|accessdate=7 October 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thermalsprings.gr/index.php/en/component/content/article/80-thermal-springs-presentation/peloponnese/158-loutraki-agioi-theodoroi-en|title=Hellenic Association Of Municipalities With Thermal Springs|first=Super|last=User|website=www.thermalsprings.gr|accessdate=7 October 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gODmkfh6iK8|title=Sarlitza Palace Hotel, Thermi – Lesvos|last=TheKoProSkila|date=29 November 2012|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2017|via=YouTube}} 33. ^[https://ecoclub.com/headlines/interviews/all-interviews/998-160121-natali-dologlou Interview: Natali Dologlou, MIRC, Greece], 21 January 2016 34. ^Winter vacations in Greece, on visitgreece.gr 35. ^http://www.enet.gr/online/online_text/c=112,id=905204. Retrieved 2009-02-23 External links{{Wikivoyage|Greece}}
2 : Tourism in Europe by country|Tourism in Greece |
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