| 词条 | Tupolev Tu-116 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Tupolev Tu-116 ({{lang-ru|Tyполев Тy-116}}) is a turboprop-powered long-range airliner designed by the Tupolev design bureau and built in the USSR. DevelopmentThe Tu-116, like the Tu-114, was based on the Tu-95 strategic bomber. Both airliners were developed in parallel with the Tu-116 taking priority due to the numerous visits of General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev to both Western and Eastern countries during the so-called Khrushchev Thaw. The aircraft's mission was to transport the head of state together with his security detail and entourage. Concurrent development of the Tu-114 and Tu-116 was justified by Khrushchev's visit to the United States, at which time the Tu-114 might not have been ready. Initially, the airliner was to be developed very quickly, in a little over a year, due to relative simplicity of modifications. However, the initial introduction date was moved from September 1956 to 1957 because the Tupolev Design Bureau was overloaded with military orders. The airliner received the internal code Tu-114D ("Diplomatic"), which later created some confusion – the Tu-114D was also the official designation of the long-range variant for transatlantic flights, the letter D standing for "dalniy" (Russian for "long-range"), which also had a total of 64 passenger seats.{{clarify|date=July 2014}} DesignThe airliner was to transport 24 passengers including a cook, a flight attendant, a navigator-announcer to inform the passengers about the flight, and, when necessary, 10–12 armed guards. Technically, the airliner was not much different from the original Tu-95. All protective and bombing equipment was removed, and the space behind the wings was given to two passenger cabins, a lavatory, a wardrobe, and a service room with a total area of 70 square meters, with windows cut into the fuselage. The first passenger cabin held six–eight passengers and the second one was designed for three VIP passengers, equipped with beds and couches. The pressurized cabin led to a short hallway with a staircase which was lowered to allow access from the ground. It also served as an emergency exit. The flight crew consisted of two pilots, navigator, flight engineer, flight mechanic and radio operator. Operational historyThe two Tu-116s were modified from two regular Tu-95s, MSN 402 and 409. Neither was ever used to transport the head of state. After flight testing, both airliners were transferred to the Soviet Air Force and served for various purposes until the early 1990s. Specifications (Tu-116){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |crew=seven–eight |capacity=24 passengers (60 pax. max) |length main=46.17 m |length alt=151.5 ft |span main=54.1 m |span alt=177.5 ft |height main=15.5 m |height alt=50.8 ft |area main=311.1 m² |area alt=3,349 ft² |empty weight main=93,500 kg |empty weight alt= 205,700 lb |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |payload main=
|payload alt=70,400 lb |normal takeoff weight= |normal takeoff weight alt= |max takeoff weight main=182,000 kg |max takeoff weight alt=400,400 lb |number of props=4 |engine (prop)=Kuznetsov NK-12MV |type of prop=turboprops driving contra-rotating props |power main= |power alt=15,000 hp |power original= |max speed main=900 km/h |max speed alt= 563 mph |max speed more=489 knots |cruise speed main= 800 km/h |cruise speed alt= 434 knots |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main=10,750 km |range alt= 5,805 nautical mi |ceiling main=12,000 m |ceiling alt=39,000 ft |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main=421 kg/m² |loading alt=86.2 lb/ft² |power/mass main=168 W/kg |power/mass alt=0.102 hp/lb }} References
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/aliner/tu116.html|title=Туполев Ту-116|author=|date=|website=www.airwar.ru|accessdate=5 February 2019}} {{commons category|Tupolev Tu-116}}{{Tupolev aircraft}} 7 : Soviet airliners 1950–1959|Four-engined tractor aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers|Four-engined turboprop aircraft|Tupolev aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1957 |
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