| 词条 | Toyohiro Akiyama |
| 释义 |
| name =Toyohiro Akiyama | image =File:Akiyama Toyohiro.jpg | type = TBS Research Cosmonaut | nationality =Japanese | birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1942|6|22}} | birth_place =Tokyo, Japan | occupation =Journalist | selection = | time =7d 21h 54min | mission =Soyuz TM-11 / Soyuz TM-10 | insignia = }}{{nihongo|Toyohiro Akiyama|秋山 豊寛|Akiyama Toyohiro|born July 22, 1942}} is a Japanese TV journalist best known for his flight to the Mir space station aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in 1990.[1] Akiyama is the first person of Japanese nationality to have flown in space.[2] He was known as the "Space Journalist" (宇宙特派員) in Japan. Education and careerAkiyama attended and earned his bachelor's degree at the International Christian University located in Mitaka, Tokyo. He then joined the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) as a journalist in 1966. He worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation World Service from 1967-1971 before becoming a correspondent for the TBS Division of Foreign News. From 1984 to 1988, Akiyama served as TBS chief correspondent in Washington D.C..[1][2] SpaceflightAkiyama was selected for cosmonaut training in August 1989 in a deal between TBS and the Soviet Union. Akiyama's flight became the first commercially organized spaceflight in history.[1] 163 TBS employees had applied for the opportunity to fly. Eventually, Akiyama and camerawoman Ryoko Kikuchi were selected as the two final candidates. When Kikuchi developed a case of appendicitis a week before launch, Akiyama was selected as the primary crew member, with no backup in place.[3] After successfully completing a Research Cosmonaut training course at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in present-day Russia, Akiyama launched aboard the Soyuz TM-11 mission to the Mir space station on December 2, 1990 along with mission commander Viktor Afanasyev and flight engineer Musa Manarov. During his time aboard Mir, Akiyama gave live reports each day documenting life aboard the station. He returned just over a week later aboard Soyuz TM-10 along with Gennadi Manakov and Gennady Strekalov on December 10. Akiyama's mission marked the first flight of a person of Japanese descent in space as well as the first commercially sponsored and funded spaceflight of an individual in history.[1][2][4] Various reports have cited a flight cost paid by TBS as between {{USD|12 million}} and {{USD|37 million}}. The company reportedly lost {{USD|7.4 million}} on the deal.[3] Later career and retirementAkiyama returned to TBS after completing his spaceflight and became deputy director of the TBS News Division. He then retired from TBS in 1995.[1][2] Akiyama is married and has two children.[2] He was personally affected by the Fukushima disaster and had to abandon his farm.[5] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Britannica Educational Publishing|title=Manned Spaceflight|year=2009|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=1-61530-039-2|pages=156–157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxkGKcFezu4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=manned+spaceflight+toyohiro+akiyama#v=onepage&q=manned%20spaceflight%20toyohiro%20akiyama&f=false}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Akiyama |url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/akiyama.htm |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=29 November 2010 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229011920/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/akiyama.htm |archivedate=December 29, 2008 }} 3. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://sen.com/features/soyuz-tm-11-first-journalist-in-space | title=Soyuz TM-11: First journalist in space | publisher=SEN.com | author=Anatoly Zak | date=June 27, 2015}}{{Subscription required}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Mir Space Station|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/sci_tech/2001/mir/1990.stm|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=29 November 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=First Japanese in space becomes Fukushima evacuee|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/life_and_death/AJ201112070036|publisher=The Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=6 November 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207194052/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/life_and_death/AJ201112070036|archivedate=7 December 2011|df=}} External links
5 : 1942 births|Japanese astronauts|Living people|Japanese television journalists|International Christian University alumni |
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