| 词条 | Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|native_name = Egypt |common_name = Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt |era = |government_type = Monarchy |nation = |image_map = |image_map_caption = |image_flag = |flag = |flag_type = |year_start = 664 BC |year_end = 525 BC |p1 = Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt |flag_p1 = |s1 = Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt |flag_s1 = |capital = Sais |common_languages = Egyptian language |religion = Ancient Egyptian religion |event_start = |event_end = |title_leader=Pharaoh |leader1=Psamtik I (first) |leader2=Psamtik III (last) |year_leader1=664–610 BC |year_leader2=526–525 BC}}{{Egyptian Dynasty list}} The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although others followed). The dynasty's reign (664–525 BC) is also called the Saite Period after the city of Sais, where its pharaohs had their capital, and marks the beginning of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.[1] HistoryThis dynasty traced its origins to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. Psamtik I was probably a descendant of Bakenranef, and following the Neo-Assyrian Empire's invasions during the reigns of Taharqa and Tantamani, he was recognized as sole king over all of Egypt. While the Neo-Assyrian Empire was preoccupied with revolts and civil war over control of the throne, Psamtik threw off his ties to the Assyrians circa 655 BC, formed alliances with King Gyges of Lydia, and recruited mercenaries from Caria and ancient Greece to resist Assyrian attacks. With the sack of Nineveh in 612 BC and the fall of the Assyrian Empire, both Psamtik and his successors attempted to reassert Egyptian power in the Near East, but were driven back by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar II. With the help of Greek mercenaries, Apries was able to hold back Babylonian attempts to conquer Egypt, only for the Persians to eventually do so. Their king, Cambyses II, captured and later executed Psamtik III. ArtPharaohs of the 26th Dynasty{{Main|List of pharaohs}}The 26th Dynasty may be related to the 24th Dynasty. Manetho begins the dynasty with:
When the Nubian King Shabaka defeated Bakenranef, son of Tefnakht, he likely installed a Nubian commander as governor at Sais. This may be the man named Ammeris. Stephinates may be a descendant of Bakenrenef. He is sometimes referred to as Tefnakht II in the literature. Nechepsos has been identified with a local king named Nekauba (678–672 BC). Manetho's Necho is King Necho I (672–664 BC); Manetho gives his reign as 8 years.[2] Necho was killed during a conflict with the Nubian king Tantamani. Psamtik I fled to Nineveh – capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire – and returned to Egypt when Ashurbanipal defeated Tantamani and drove him back south.[1] Scholars now start the 26th Dynasty with the reign of Psamtik I.[1][2] Sextus Julius Africanus states in his often accurate version of Manetho's Epitome that the dynasty numbered 9 pharaohs, beginning with a "Stephinates" (Tefnakht II) and ending with Psamtik III. Africanus also notes that Psamtik I and Necho I ruled for 54 and 8 years respectively.
Timeline of the 26th DynastyImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:100 bottom:100 right:100 left:100 AlignBars = early DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-664 till:-500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-664 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:PA value:green id:GP value:red Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: -664 till: -610 color:PA text:"Psamtik I (664–610 BC)" from: -610 till: -595 color:PA text:"Necho II (610–595 BC]])" from: -595 till: -589 color:PA text:"Psamtik II (595–589 BC]])" from: -589 till: -570 color:PA text:"Wahibre Haaibre (589–570 BC]])" from: -570 till: -526 color:PA text:"Amasis II (570–526 BC]])" from: -526 till: -525 color:PA text:"Psamtik III (526–525 BC]])" barset:skip See also
References1. ^1 2 Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004 2. ^1 Kitchen, Kenneth A. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, 1100-650 B.C. (Book & Supplement) Aris & Phillips. 1986 {{ISBN|978-0-85668-298-8}} Bibliography
12 : States and territories established in the 7th century BC|States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC|Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasties of ancient Egypt|Nile Delta|7th century BC in Egypt|6th century BC in Egypt|664 BC|7th-century BC establishments in Egypt|6th-century BC disestablishments|525 BC|1st-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt |
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