“Tycho Brahe days”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the folklore of Scandinavia, Tycho Brahe days (Danish: Tycho Brahes-dage; Norwegian: Tycho Brahedager; Swedish: Tycho Brahe-dagar) are days judged to be especially unlucky, especially for magical work, and important business transactions[ and personal events]. Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was a Danish astronomer, astrologer,^[1] and alchemist and as such achieved some acclaim in popular folklore as a sage and magician.

Origins

The idea that certain calendar dates are lucky or unlucky is of ancient origin, going back as far as the Mesopotamian civilizations. Tables that identify lucky and unlucky days are sometimes known by the German label of Tagwählerei. The Coligny calendar also identifies certain calendar dates as lucky or unlucky, and the Roman fasti marks many days and parts of others as dies nefasti, unsuited for the conduct of public business.^[2] Contemporary North America preserves a tradition that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day. It has been called a "pervasive form of divination" that "is found in all societies which regulate their days and nights in calendric systems."^[3]

The received idea concerning the origin of Tycho Brahe days was that "Tycho Brahe, the celebrated Danish astronomer of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was very superstitious, considering certain days in the year pregnant with misfortune, wherefore in Denmark, up to this very day, the laboring class call such days on which they happen to meet with some unfortunate accident, Tycho Brahe's days."^[4] In his travelogue A Poet's Bazaar, Hans Christian Andersen alludes to the fact that Tycho Brahe died in exile in Prague, observing that "Denmark owns not even his dust; but the Danes mention his name in their bad times, as if a denunciation proceeded out of it: 'These are Tycho Brahe's days!' say

However, no mention of the Tycho Brahe days is actually found in the work of Tycho Brahe.^[6] They nevertheless are often referenced in almanacs and recur in Scandinavian folklore. In the Cyprianus tradition, Tycho Brahe days are considered unlucky for magical work; several of the spells in the Black Books of Elverum note that they should not be carried out on a Tycho Brahe day.^[7]^[8]

Days

These days were supposed to be unlucky to perform tasks such as getting married, starting a journey, or to fall ill on.^[11] Some versions claim that Tycho Brahe also identified several days as particularly lucky:

Some lists omit certain days, or add others; there is no standard list. One should also note that Denmark was on the Julian calendar until 1700, when it switched to the Gregorian calendar.^[13]

Egyptian days

Medieval calendars often contained lists of dies Ægyptiaci, "Egyptian days", that also were held to be unlucky. The Egyptian days were:

These too were days considered unlucky to begin any enterprise. Physicians were especially discouraged from performing bloodletting on the Egyptian days.^[14]^[15]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tychobrahe.com/uk/astrologi.html | title=Tycho Brahe och Astrology | publisher=The Tycho Brahe Museum | accessdate=October 14, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102927/http://www.tychobrahe.com/uk/astrologi.html | archivedate=May 3, 2012 | df= }}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Dies.html | title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities | publisher=John Murray | year=1875 | accessdate=October 15, 2012 | author=Smith, William | pages="Dies"}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/493008/Concepts_and_Perception_of_Time_in_Mesopotamian_Divination | title=Concepts and Perception of Time in Mesopotamian Divination | publisher=academia.edu | year=2010 | accessdate=October 14, 2012 | author=Koch, Ulla Suzanne | pages=7}}
4. ^{{cite book | title=The Ancient Scandinavians, their maritime expeditions, their discoveries, and their religion | publisher=Hunter Rose & Co | author=Sinding, Paul O. | year=1865 | location=Internet Archive digitized edition | pages=19}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/h-c-hans-christian-andersen/a-poets-bazaar--a-picturesque-tour-in-germany-italy-greece-and-the-orient-ala/page-30-a-poets-bazaar--a-picturesque-tour-in-germany-italy-greece-and-the-orient-ala.shtml | title=The Poet's Bazaar: a picturesque tour in Germany, Italy, Greece, and the Orient | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | year=1831 | accessdate=October 14, 2012 | author=Andersen, Hans C.}}
6. ^{{cite book | title=The Lord of Uraniborg: A Biography of Tycho Brahe | publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=Thoren, Victor | year=1991 | pages=215 | isbn=0521351588}}
7. ^Rustad, Mary: The Black Books of Elverum (Galde Press, 1999; {{ISBN|1-880090-75-9}}), e.g. p. 49, 116-117
8. ^Stokker, Kathleen: Remedies and rituals: folk medicine in Norway and the New Land (Minnesota Historical Society, 2007; {{ISBN|0-87351-576-5}}), p. 79
9. ^{{cite book | title=A residence in Jutland, the Danish Isles, and Copenhagen | publisher=J. Murray | author=Marryat, Horace | year=1860 | location=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dZfxsrZMt50C&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309&dq=%22Tycho+Brahe+days%22&source=bl&ots=rLJhtMM3kS&sig=onuYE0Pv0Uh0TgjtFPrnPWsA6DA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6E16UOKQGdKFyQGv9YC4Ag&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Tycho%20Brahe%20days%22&f=false Google scan] | pages=309}}
10. ^{{Cite web|title = Tykobrahedag - Institutet för språk och folkminnen|url = http://www.sprakochfolkminnen.se/folkminnen/handelser-i-almanackan/kalender/i-almanackan/handelser-i-almanackan/2014-02-14-tykobrahedag.html|website = www.sprakochfolkminnen.se|access-date = 2016-02-22|language = sv|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214092117/http://www.sprakochfolkminnen.se/folkminnen/handelser-i-almanackan/kalender/i-almanackan/handelser-i-almanackan/2014-02-14-tykobrahedag.html|archivedate = 2016-02-14|df = }}
11. ^Marryat
12. ^{{Cite web|title = Tycho Brahe-days|url = http://www.learning4sharing.nu/tykobrahedag-344403.html|website = www.learning4sharing.nu|access-date = 2016-02-22|language = sv}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://norbyhus.dk/calendar.php | title=The Perpetual Calendar: A helpful Tool to Postal Historians | publisher=norbyhus.dk | accessdate=October 14, 2012 | author=Nørby, Toke}}
14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-egy1.htm |title=World Wide Words: Egyptian Days |last=Quinion |first=Michael |date=Mar 3, 2007 |access-date=2017-10-13}}
15. ^Schmitz, Wilh. “Ein Wolfenbütteler Verzeichnitz Der 'Dies Aegyptiaci'.” Rheinisches Museum Für Philologie, vol. 22, 1867, pp. 303–303. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23078686.