| 词条 | Type 2 connector | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Type 2 | type = Electric vehicle charging | image = | caption = Comparison between extended Combo2 (left) and normal Type 2 (right). | designer = Mennekes | design_date = 2009 | production_date = 2013 | length = {{convert|200|mm|inch}} | diameter = {{convert|70|mm|inch}} | width = {{convert|70|mm|inch}} | height = {{convert|63|mm|inch}} | electrical = DC, 1‒3 phase AC | earth = Dedicated pin | maximum_voltage = 480 V | maximum_current = 300 A | data_signal = SAE J1772#Signaling: Resistive / Pulse-width modulation | physical_connector = VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 | pinout_image = | pinout_caption = Pinouts for Type 2 male and female electric vehicle charging plugs | num_pins = 7 (1 earth, 3 positive, 1 negative, 2 signalling) | pin_custom1_name = PP | pin_name_custom1 = Proximity pilot | pin_custom1 = pre-insertion signalling | pin_custom2_name = CP | pin_name_custom2 = Control pilot | pin_custom2 = post-insertion signalling | pin_custom3_name = PE | pin_name_custom3 = Protective earth | pin_custom3 = full-current protective earthing system—6-millimetre (0.24 in) diameter | pin_custom4_name = N | pin_name_custom4 = Neutral | pin_custom4 = single-/three-phase AC / DC-mid | pin_custom5_name = L1 | pin_name_custom5 = Line 1 | pin_custom5 = single-/three-phase AC / DC-mid | pin_custom6_name = L2 | pin_name_custom6 = Line 2 | pin_custom6 = three-phase AC / DC-mid | pin_custom7_name = L3 | pin_name_custom7 = Line 3 | pin_custom7 = three-phase AC / DC-mid | pinout_notes = Combo 2 extension adds two extra high-current DC pins underneath, does not use the AC pins and is becoming the universal standard for charging.}} The IEC 62196 Type 2 connector (commonly referred to as mennekes) is used for charging electric cars within Europe. The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge and originally specified for charging battery electric vehicles at 3–50 kilowatts, with a plug modified by Tesla capable of outputting 120 kilowatts. Electric power is provided as single-phase or three-phase alternating current (AC), or direct current (DC). In January 2013, the IEC 62196 Type 2 connector was selected by the European Commission as official charging plug within the European Union.[1] It has since been adopted as the recommended connector in some countries outside of Europe, including New Zealand.[2] Released under the name SAE J3068 is three-phase AC connector for North America—with Local Interconnect Network (LIN) for control signaling based on IEC 61851-1 Edition 3 Annex D.[3][4] The Guobiao standard GB/T 20234.2-2015 for AC-charging within the People's Republic of China specifies cables with Type 2-style male connectors on both ends, and a female inlet on vehicles[5]—the opposite gender to the rest of the world, and with different control signalling. DescriptionCars are fitted with a standardised male vehicle inlet, whilst charging station are fitted with a female outlet, either directly on the outside of the charging station, or via a flexible cable with permanently attached connector on the end. A charging station with a permanently fixed cable can be attached directly into the vehicle inlet, similar to using a petrol pump and when no fixed cable is available, a separate male-to-female cable is used to hook up the vehicle either using the charging station, or from a traditional IEC 60309-2 industrial connector. The Type 2 connector system was originally proposed by Mennekes in 2009 leading to the colloquial name of Mennekes. The system was later tested and standardised by the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) as VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2, and subsequently recommended by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) in 2011. {{As of|2015}}, Type 2 is intended to replace the previous vehicle connectors used for AC charging within the European electric vehicle network, displacing both SAE J1772 and EV Plug Alliance Types 3A and 3C. For DC charging, the Combo 2 socket (Type 2 supplemented with 2 DC pins) shall become standard in cars, replacing Type 4 CHAdeMO. The transition period is scheduled to last until 2020.[6] The IEC 62196 Type 2 connector is used in a slightly modified form at all European Tesla cars and the European Tesla Supercharger network.[7] As of 2017 Tesla is the only automaker which offers based on the IEC 62196-2 specification the charging with alternating current and direct current. For charging with direct current the specification IEC 62196-3 Combined Charging System (CCS) is favored in Europe.[8] PinsThe connectors contain seven contact places: two small and five larger. The top row consists of two small contacts for signalling, the middle row contains three pins, the centre pin is used for Earthing, while the outer two pins used for the power supply, optionally in conjunction with the two pins on the bottom row which are also for power supply. Three pins are always used for the same purposes:
The allocation of the four normal power supply pins vary depending on the mode of operation. They are allocated as one of:
Communication takes place over the signalling pins between the charger, cable, and vehicle to ensure that the lowest common denominator of voltage and current is selected. DC chargingSome vehicle inlets may contain the extra connections to allow the Combo Coupler DC-only charger to be inserted.[10] Gallery{{clear}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mennekes.de/index.php?id=latest0&L=4&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=929&cHash=5776533c6270bfd03a554a09e9d21954 |title=Type 2 charging plug proposed as the common standard for Europe |publisher=MENNEKES |date=2013-01-30 |accessdate=2017-03-25}} 2. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/planning-and-investment/planning/transport-planning/planning-for-electric-vehicles/national-guidance-for-public-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure/charging-point-connectors-and-socket-outlets/| title=Charging point connectors and socket outlets| publisher=NZ Transport Agency| accessdate=2019-02-15}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_infrastructure.html|title=Developing Infrastructure to Charge Plug-In Electric Vehicles|publisher=Alternative Fuels Data Center|accessdate=7 November 2017|quote=Future AC Charging Options … An additional standard (SAE J3068) is under development for higher rates of AC charging using three-phase power, … adapted from the European three-phase charging standards and specified for North American AC grid voltages and requirements.}} 4. ^{{cite report|url=https://epri.azureedge.net/documents/2_SAE_J3068_AC_Charging_October_2017_McLaughlin.pdf|title=SAE J3068{{abbr|TM|Trademark}} 3-phase AC charging update|date=23 October 2017|accessdate=13 December 2017|work=EPRI Truck and Bus meeting|first=Jim|last=McLaughlin|quote=J3068 adopts the European Type 2 coupler, 5 wire with neutral and adds a simple, robust, inexpensive and established datalink: LIN pulse width is the same as 5% {{abbr|PWM|Pulse Wave Modulation}}, so filters do not change.}} 5. ^{{cite report|url=http://electroeurope.org/fileadmin/user_upload/library/GBT_20234.2-2011_Connection_set_of_Conductive_Charging_for_Electric_Vehicles_-_Part_2_AC_charging_coupler.pdf|trans-title=Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles—Part 2: AC charging coupler|title=电动汽车传导充电用连接装置 第 2 部分:交流充电接口|format=unofficial English translation offered by EuropElectro|issue=GB/T 20234.2 -2011|date=22 December 2011|accessdate=13 December 2017|pages=1–24}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-40_en.htm |title=EU launches clean fuel strategy |publisher=European Commission |date=2013-01-24 |accessdate=2017-03-26}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teslarati.com/review-type-2-charging-cable-built-chargeport-opener/ |title=REVIEW: Type 2 Charging Cable with Built-in Chargeport Opener |publisher=TESLARATI |date=2015-06-05 |accessdate=2017-03-21}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.din.de/en/innovation-and-research/electromobility/charging-infrastructure |title=Charging infrastructure |publisher=DIN e. V. |accessdate=2017-03-21}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://visforvoltage.org/sites/default/files/u30/DSCN3330-web.jpg|first1=Ralf|last1=Oestreicher|author2=Daimler|date=30 July 2010|accessdate=7 April 2016|title=AC/DC vehicle inlet options: As proposed by German Initiative Charging Interface|work=Plug-in 2010|format=presentation slide image|quote=Reuse of 6mm earth pin of AC connector allows non isolated DC charging or use of one isolation transformer for several vehicles at up to 250A DC}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teslamotorsclub.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=14753&d=1358461408|title=ACEA position and recommendations for the standardization of the charging of electrically chargeable vehicles|date=2 March 2011|author=European Automobile Manufacturers Association|authorlink=European Automobile Manufacturers Association|accessdate=14 June 2014|location=Brussels}} 6 : International Electrotechnical Commission|Electrical power connectors|DC power connectors|Plug-in hybrid vehicle industry|Charging stations|Automotive standards |
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