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词条 Typhoon Saola (2012)
释义

  1. Meteorological history

  2. Preparations and impact

     Philippines  Taiwan  China 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{refimprove|date=August 2012}}{{Other hurricane uses|Typhoon Saola (disambiguation){{!}}Typhoon Saola|the 2012 typhoon}}{{Infobox Hurricane
| Name=Typhoon Saola (Gener)
| Type=typhoon
| Year=2012
| Basin=WPac
| Image location=TY Saola 10w Aug 01 2012.jpg
| Image name=Typhoon Saola at peak intensity on August 1 with Typhoon Damrey to the north
| Formed=July 26, 2012
| Dissipated=August 5, 2012
| 10-min winds=70
| 1-min winds=90
| Pressure=960
| Fatalities=86 total
| Damages=2948.74
| Areas=Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China
| Hurricane season=2012 Pacific typhoon season
}}

Typhoon Saola, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gener and in Taiwan as Typhoon Sura[1][2], was a strong tropical cyclone affecting the Philippines, Taiwan and China. It was the ninth named storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. Saola is the name of a rare mammal found in Vietnam.

Meteorological history

{{storm path|Saola 2012 track.png}}

On July 26, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had developed within an area of strong vertical windshear in the monsoon trough about {{Convert|1000|km|mi|round=5}} to the southeast of Manila in the Philippines.[3][4] During that day the shear relaxed before during the next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system.[5]

Early on July 28, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, whilst the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Saola.[6][7] Soon, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression and named it Gener.[8] Later that day, the JTWC upgraded Saola to a tropical storm.[9] Early on July 29, the JMA upgraded Saola to a severe tropical storm.[10] On July 30, the JTWC upgraded Saola to a category 1 typhoon, as it started to develop an eye-like feature, but soon downgraded it to a tropical storm late on the same day.[11][12] On July 31, the JTWC upgraded Saola to a category 1 typhoon again.[13] Late on the same day, the JMA upgraded Saola to a typhoon, and the JTWC soon upgraded it to a category 2 typhoon early on the next day.[14][15] The Central Weather Bureau (CWB) reported that Typhoon Saola made landfall over Xiulin, Hualien in Taiwan at 19:20 UTC on August 1 (03:20 TST on August 2).[16] However, Saola later moved counterclockwise and arrived the ocean soon, whilst the JMA downgraded it to a severe tropical storm early on August 2 due to strong land interaction.[17] At 06Z on the same day, Saola passed over Cape San Diego, the easternmost point of Taiwan.[18] Late on August 2, the JMA downgraded Saola to a tropical storm, before it made landfall over Fuding in Fujian, China at 22:50 UTC (06:50 CST on August 3).[19] On August 3, the JMA downgraded Saola to a tropical depression, after the JTWC issued a final warning on the system. The system continued to weaken into a weak low pressure area over Jiangxi, China on August 4. The weak, remnant low later drifted south west to the Gulf of Tokin, and regenerated slightly on August 7.[20]

Preparations and impact

Philippines

{{Wettest tropical cyclones in Taiwan|align=right}}

Saola caused widespread rains in the Philippines due to the enhancement of the southwest monsoon. On July 29, domestic and international flights throughout the country were delayed and cancelled. Small fishing crafts were advised to not engage in the water as a gale warning was issued by PAGASA. The NDRRMC alerted their agency as the storm is expected to bring heavy rains. Seaports were also advised to cancel their trips. Flooding is imminent as different dams are expected to reach its critical level and possibly release huge millimeters of water. About three roads in northern Luzon were impassable due to floods and landslides. About sixty families in Rodriguez, Rizal were evacuated due to severe flooding in the area. Early on July 30, classes were suspended from pre-school to tertiary level as strong winds and severe rainfall were recorded throughout Metro Manila and nearby provinces.[21][22][23][24]

Initial reports spoke of around a dozen confirmed casualties, yet early on 3 August Philippine authorities revised the death toll in the country to 37, with at least 519,000 people affected. More than 17,500 were staying in evacuation centers.[25] As of August 6, 51 fatalities were confirmed in the Philippines with six others reported missing. Damage from the storm amounted to about ₱404 million (US$9.6 million), half of which was due to agricultural losses.[26]

Taiwan

As the storm made landfall in Taiwan, almost the entire island suspended services as high winds and rains triggered flooding in several locations. Almost 70 inches fell in some areas, ranking Saola within the top 5 wettest cyclones to ever hit the island. Authorities ordered schools and business to shut, with the exception of few major factories. Financial markets were also closed, and would remain until 3 August. Taiwanese Army soldiers rescued more than 1,000 people from remote mountainous villages in the north and east.[27] Two passenger boarding bridges collapsed at Taoyuan International Airport, which serves Taipei, slightly damaging a China Airlines aircraft and forcing the company to scrap the flight. More than 200 international and domestic flight were reportedly cancelled because of the storm.[28]

At least six people were killed and two were missing in Taiwan as of 2 August, in addition to 16 injured.[27][28] Agricultural losses across the island were estimated at NT$812.51 million (US$27.14 million).[29]

China

In Fujian Province, a total of 9,708 homes were destroyed and 36,726 more were damaged.[30] In Hubei Province, over 135,000 people were displaced by the floods and left in need of assistance across the province.[31] In total, 29 people were killed in China, and total economic losses were counted to be CNY18.46 billion(US$2.912 billion).[32]

See also

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
  • List of wettest tropical cyclones
  • Typhoon Matmo (2014)
  • Typhoon Fitow (2013)
  • Typhoon Jangmi (2008)
  • Typhoon Morakot

References

1. ^http://www.chiayi.gov.tw/2011web/en/index.aspx?mid=97&rid=1478
2. ^http://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=36&post=32039
3. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |title=JMA WWJP25 Warning and Summary July 26, 2012 18z |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69SqB21sA?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WWJP25-RJTD_201207261800.htm |archivedate=July 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Ocean July 26, 2012 01z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=July 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69RJEzU0x?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201207260130.htm |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert July 27, 2012 14z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |date=July 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UP3jArt?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN21-PGTW_201207271400.htm |deadurl=yes |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Depression 10W Advisory 1 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207280300.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UOcl9c4?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207280300.htm |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm Saola Tropical Cyclone Advisory 280000 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207280000.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UORENsf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207280000.htm |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201207280300.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UPnTCNH?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201207280300.htm |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm 10W (Saola) Advisory 2 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UPY1D51?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=July 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Severe Tropical Storm Saola Tropical Cyclone Advisory 290000 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207290000.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69VtRdsUd?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207290000.htm |archivedate=July 29, 2012 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon 10W (Saola) Advisory 10 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207300900.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YvvlvyR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207300900.htm |archivedate=July 31, 2012 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm 10W (Saola) Advisory 12 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207302100.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YvvdS1D?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207302100.htm |archivedate=July 31, 2012 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 31, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon 10W (Saola) Advisory 14 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207310900.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69aRrYIZE?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207310900.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2012 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=July 31, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon Saola Tropical Cyclone Advisory 311800 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207311800.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69aRYP0Ku?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207311800.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2012 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=August 1, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon 10W (Saola) Advisory 17 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201208010300.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69aRrIsKZ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201208010300.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2012 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|publisher=Liberty Times|date=August 1, 2012|accessdate=August 2, 2012|title=蘇拉花蓮登陸 全台豪雨|url=http://iservice.libertytimes.com.tw/liveNews/news.php?no=674940&type=即時新聞}}
17. ^{{cite web|publisher=Liberty Times|date=August 2, 2012|accessdate=August 2, 2012|title=蘇拉》蘇拉打轉　花蓮近海徘徊|url=http://iservice.libertytimes.com.tw/liveNews/news.php?no=674985&type=生活&Slots=Live}}
18. ^{{cite web|publisher=Apple Daily|date=August 2, 2012|accessdate=August 2, 2012|title=蘇拉轉輕颱　三貂角二度登陸|url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/life/20120802/135483}}
19. ^{{cite web|publisher=Ta Kung Pao|date=August 2, 2012|accessdate=August 3, 2012|title=「蘇拉」在福建福鼎秦嶼鎮沿海登陸|url=http://www.takungpao.com.hk/sy/2012-08/03/content_870681.htm}}
20. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=August 4, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |title=WWJP25 RJTD 040600 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69f6427SI?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |archivedate=August 4, 2012 |df= }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://inagist.com/all/229431512649576448/ |title=Bagyong Gener, nagdulot ng pagbaha sa ilang lalawigan kasama na ang Bulan, Sorsogon at ilang barangay sa Sultan Kudarat #BalitanghaliWeekend : gmanews |publisher=Inagist.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-01}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://noypistuff.blogspot.com/2012/07/bagyong-gener-pagasa-update-july-28-2012.html |title=Noypistuff: Bagyong Gener PAGASA Update July 28, 2012 |publisher=Noypistuff.blogspot.com |date=2012-07-28 |accessdate=2012-08-01}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/267242/news/metromanila/la-mesa-dam-on-red-alert-as-water-nears-spilling-level |title=La Mesa Dam on red alert as water nears spilling level | GMA News Online | The Go-To Site for Filipinos Everywhere |publisher=Gmanetwork.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-01}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/267265/news/regions/ndrrmc-3-luzon-roads-impassable-as-tropical-storm-gener-nears |title=NDRRMC: 3 Luzon roads impassable as Tropical Storm Gener nears | GMA News Online | The Go-To Site for Filipinos Everywhere |publisher=Gmanetwork.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-01}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/268108/news/nation/ndrrmc-gener-death-toll-rises-to-37|title=NDRRMC: 'Gener' death toll rises to 37 |publisher=GMA News |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-08-02}}
26. ^{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |date=August 6, 2012 |accessdate=August 6, 2012 |title=SitRep No.21 re Effects of Typhoon "Gener" (Saola) Enhanced by Southwest Monsoon |url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/630/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%2021%20Effects%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Gener%20,%206%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6J5bimC1i?url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/630/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%2021%20Effects%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Gener%20%2C%206%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |archivedate=August 23, 2013 |df= }}
27. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2012/08/20128253112315187.html|title=Tropical storm Saola washes over Taiwan |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-08-02}}
28. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-1-124465-Six-dead-as-Typhoon-Saola-lashes-Taiwan|title=Six killed as Typhoon Saola lashes Taiwan |publisher=Pakistan International |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-08-02}}
29. ^{{cite web|author=Huang Chiao-wen and Hanna Liu|publisher=Focus Taiwan|date=August 6, 2012|accessdate=August 6, 2012|title=Typhoon Saola causes over US$27 million in agricultural losses|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/ShowNews/WebNews_Detail.aspx?Type=aECO&ID=201208060044}}
30. ^{{cite web|work=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=August 10, 2012|accessdate=August 10, 2012|title=China: Floods - Information Bulletin no 2|url=http://reliefweb.int/map/china/china-floods-information-bulletin-no-2}}
31. ^{{cite web|author=Yan|publisher=Xinhua General News|date=August 6, 2012|accessdate=August 6, 2012|title=Typhoon-triggered rainstorm leaves 23 dead, 9 missing|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-08/06/c_131765482.htm}}
32. ^{{cite conference|page=15|conference=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 7th Integrated Workshop|title=Member Report: China|url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/IWS_Nanjing/Docs%20Nanjing/Members%20Report/MEMBER%20REPORT_China.pdf|date=November 26, 2012|archivedate=December 2, 2012|publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee|accessdate=November 26, 2013|conferenceurl=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/IWS_Nanjing/index.html|archiveurl=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/IWS_Nanjing/Docs%20Nanjing/Members%20Report/MEMBER%20REPORT_China.pdf|deadurl=no|author=China Meteorological Agency|df=}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • JMA General Information of Typhoon Saola (1209) from Digital Typhoon
  • JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Saola (1209) {{ja}}
  • JTWC Best Track Data of Typhoon 10W (Saola)
  • 10W.SAOLA from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
  • Latest humanitarian response information via ReliefWeb
{{2012 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Saola (2012)}}

7 : 2012 Pacific typhoon season|2012 disasters in the Philippines|2012 in the Philippines|Typhoons in the Philippines|Typhoons in Japan|Typhoons in Taiwan|Typhoons
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