| 词条 | UBiome |
| 释义 |
| name = uBiome, Inc. | type = Private | foundation = 2012 October | founder = Zachary Apte, Jessica Richman | location_city = San Francisco, California | location_country = United States | industry = Biotechnology | owner = | num_employees = | homepage = {{URL|http://www.ubiome.com}} | footnotes = | products = {{unbulleted list|SmartGut{{sup|TM}}|SmartJane{{sup|TM}}|Explorer{{sup|TM}}}} }}{{lowercase title}} uBiome is a biotechnology company based in San Francisco that has developed key technology to sequence the human microbiomes. HistoryThe company was founded by Jessica Richman, Zachary Apte, and Will Ludington who were scientists in the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences.[1] In November 2012, uBiome generated $350,000 through a crowdfunding campaign.[2] The founders received mentoring and funding from Y Combinator and further funding from Andreessen Horowitz and 8VC.[3][4][5] As of 2015, uBiome offered a $1 million grant program to researchers and citizen scientists for microbiome sampling and related analysis.[6] One winner of the first round of such grants was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[7] Products and servicesCustomers purchase kits to sample one or more parts of their body, including the gut, genitals, mouth, nose, or skin. After swabbing, a participant takes a survey which is used to make correlations with microbiome data. The participant sends the kit to the company in the mail and receives data in a few weeks; he or she can compare their data with that of uBiome’s data set.[8][9] In 2015 uBiome received Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certification from the State of California.[10] In 2016, uBiome received accreditation from the College of American Pathologists.[11] Technology{{As of|2015}}, the company first amplifies RNA using PCR then sequences the amplified 16S ribosomal RNA, which allows bacteria to be categorized at the genus level.[12] The company has proprietary machine learning algorithms that analyze the sequence data and compare it with the company's proprietary database of microbiomes, built from the samples that partners and single customers send to them, and web-based software that allows individuals to view their microbiome and make certain comparisons.[13][14] A 2014 report in Xconomy said the company outsources the sequencing.[14] The sequencing is done on the Illumina NextSeq500 sequencer.[15][16]In October 2015 the company introduced an app on iOS using ResearchKit that allowed customers to view their results on mobile devices.[17] uBiome has been compared with Theranos and 23andMe, each of which are also biotechnology companies influenced by Silicon Valley.[7][18] ControversiesAmy Dockser Marcus noted in a 2014 essay in The Wall Street Journal that when Ubiome raised its initial round of crowdfunding in early 2013, many questions were raised by bioethicists about the company's citizen science business model - namely whether it had actually obtained informed consent from its customers, and whether direct to consumer genetic testing initiatives could be ethically conducted at all, and its lack of Institutional review board (IRB) approval.[19][20][21] The Wall Street Journal essay also noted that questions were raised about the quality of data obtained in citizen science initiatives, with regard to self-selection and other issues.[19][22] The company obtained IRB approval in July 2013.[19][23][24] In 2014, people experienced in biotechnology entrepreneurship also raised questions about the ethics of crowdfunding a biotech company, as the risks of such ventures are high even for people with scientific and business sophistication.[19][25] Awards and recognitionIn March 2018, uBiome made Fast Company's list for The World's Most Innovative Companies in Data Science, acknowledging uBiome's work collecting data to develop tests for HPV and STIs.[26] References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Teresa|title=Swabbing for Science|url=http://berkeleysciencereview.com/article/swabbing-for-science/|work=The Berkeley Science Review|date=April 22, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Vachelard|first1=J|last2=Gambarra-Soares|first2=T|last3=Augustini|first3=G|last4=Riul|first4=P|last5=Maracaja-Coutinho|first5=V|title=A Guide to Scientific Crowdfunding.|journal=PLOS Biology|date=17 February 2016|volume=14|issue=2|pages=e1002373|pmid=26886064|pmc=4757556|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002373}} 3. ^{{cite news |url = https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/18/ubiome-raises-4-5m-from-angel-investors-andreessen-horowitz-to-crowdsource-microbiome-research/ |publisher = TechCrunch |last = Chokkattu |first = Julian |title = uBiome Raises $4.5M From Angel Investors, Andreessen Horowitz To Crowdsource Microbiome Research}} 4. ^{{cite news|last = Dillet |first= Romain |title = Andreessen Horowitz Raises Massive New $1.5 Billion Fund |publisher = TechCrunch |url = https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/27/andreessen-horowitz-raises-massive-new-1-5-billion-fund/}} 5. ^{{cite news| url= https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/01/gut-health-startup-ubiome-raised-22-million-and-is-launching-a-dna-test-for-your-poop/ | publisher = TechCrunch |last = Buhr| first = Sarah |title = Gut health startup uBiome has raised $15.5 million and is launching a DNA test for your poop}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/OSTP%20National%20Microbiome%20Initiative%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf|title=FACT SHEET: Announcing the National Microbiome Initiative|last=|first=|date=May 13, 2016|website=obamawhitehouse.archives.gov|publisher=The White House|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 7. ^1 Zhang, Sarah. [https://www.wired.com/2015/11/ubiome-cdc-collaboration/ “Microbiome Startup uBiome Will Sequence Poop for the CDC.”] Wired. Nov. 30, 2015 Quote: "Recent controversy over the blood testing company Theranos has highlighted the sometimes loose regulations, and the Food and Drug Administration has it wants to regulate lab tests more strictly" 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3039891/gut-check |last=Gertner |first=Jon |title=What's Lurking In Your Microbiome? Possibly, A Cure For Disease |publisher=Fast Company|date=January 7, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Almalki|first1=M|last2=Gray|first2=K|last3=Sanchez|first3=FM|title=The use of self-quantification systems for personal health information: big data management activities and prospects.|journal=Health information science and systems|date=February 24, 2015|volume=3|issue=Suppl 1 HISA Big Data in Biomedicine and Healthcare 2013 Con|pages=S1|pmid=26019809|pmc=4437547|doi=10.1186/2047-2501-3-S1-S1}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.genomeweb.com/business-news/ubiome-launches-clia-lab |title=uBiome Launches CLIA Lab |publisher=genomeweb|date=April 28, 2015}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/10/prweb13735887.htm |last=Taylor |first=Julie |title=uBiome’s Laboratory Receives Accreditation by College of American Pathologists (CAP) |publisher=PRWeb|date=October 4, 2016}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Scoles|first1=Sarah|title=I Sent a Sample of My Poop to uBiome -|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2015/10/07/poop-sample-ubiome/#.WBQfS-ErKV4|work=The Crux @ Discover Magazine|date=7 October 2015}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Khamsi|first1=Roxanne|title=Can Gut DNA Sequencing Actually Tell You Anything About Your Health?|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2014/07/25/can-gut-dna-sequencing-actually-tell-you-anything-about-your-health-259348.html|accessdate=21 March 2015|work=Newsweek|date=17 July 2014}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Tansey|first1=Bernadette|title=Glowing Plants To Nanodiamonds: Y Combinator's Biotechs Debut|url=http://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2014/08/18/from-glowing-plants-to-nanodiamonds-y-combinators-biotechs-debut/?single_page=true#|work=Xconomy|date=18 August 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=ubiome 0.5.8 : Python Package Index|url=https://testpypi.python.org/pypi/ubiome|website=testpypi.python.org|accessdate=29 October 2016}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Mac|first1=Tracy|title=Interview with Jessica Richman of uBiome|url=http://thepowerofpoop.com/interview-with-jessica-richman-of-ubiome/|work=The Power of Poop|date=June 2, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Nick Paul|title=UBiome taps Apple ecosystem to broaden microbiome data-gathering drive|url=http://www.fiercebiotech.com/digital/ubiome-taps-apple-ecosystem-to-broaden-microbiome-data-gathering-drive|work=FierceBiotech|date=Oct 11, 2015}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=http://modernluxury.com/silicon-valley/story/silicon-valley-will-see-you-now|title=Silicon Valley Will See You Now|last1=Leonard|first1=Andrew|date=December 22, 2015|work=Modern Luxury: Silicon Valley|quote="But a healthy dose of skepticism is also in order, not least because of the difficulties faced by the two most-celebrated digital-health startups, 23andMe and Theranos....In 2013, the FDA banned 23andMe from marketing its Personal Genome Service. The FDA, which had yet to fully sign off on the technology, was concerned “about the public health consequences of inaccurate results from the PGS devices.” The lesson for the rest of the digital-health industry was clear: Unless they’re expressly permitted by the FDA, companies should not encourage consumers to make medical decisions based on the health data the companies provide. ...Theranos came out of the gate with an unprecedented bang.....Then, in mid-October, an earthquake hit that rocked not just Theranos but the entire digital-health community."}} 19. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-ethics-of-experimenting-on-yourself-1414170041|title=The Ethics of Experimenting on Yourself|date=24 October 2014|work=Wall Street Journal|last1=Marcus|first1=Amy Dockser}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/urban-scientist/on-ethics-and-self-policing-in-citizen-science/|title=On Ethics and Self-Policing in (Citizen) Science|date=February 22, 2013|work=Scientific American Blog Network|last1=DNLee}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/Crowdsourced-Research-Delves/141795/|title=Crowdsourced Research Delves, Uncertainly, Into the Human Microbiome|date=23 September 2013|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|last1=Chorost|first1=Michael}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/meet-your-microbes-ubiome-offers-new-service/|title=Meet Your Microbes: uBiome Offers New Service|date=June 25, 2013|work=Science-Based Medicine|last1=Hall|first1=Harriet}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/molecules-to-medicine/2013/07/25/ubiome-ethical-lapse-or-not/|title=uBiome: Ethical Lapse or Not?|work=Scientific American|last1=Stone|first1=Judy|accessdate=9 February 2015}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2013/07/22/crowdfunding-and-irbs-the-case-of-ubiome/|title=Crowdfunding and IRBs: The Case of uBiome|date=July 22, 2013|work=Scientific American Blog|last2=Apte|first2=Zachary|last1=Jessica|first1=Richman}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/Biotech-startup-turns-to-crowdfunding-5236754.php|title=Biotech startup turns to crowdfunding|date=February 15, 2014|work=San Francisco Chronicle|last1=Lee|first1=Stephanie M.}} 26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2018/sectors/data-science|title=The 2018 Top 10 Most Innovative Companies by Sector: Data Science {{!}} Fast Company|work=Fast Company|access-date=2018-03-26|language=en-US}} See also
External links
7 : Companies based in San Francisco|Biotechnology companies of the United States|Genomics companies|Citizen science|Microbiomes|Microbiology|Genetic genealogy |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。