“Traffic code”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Traffic code (also motor vehicle code) refers to the collection of local statutes, regulations, ordinances and rules that have been officially adopted in the United States to govern the orderly operation and interaction of motor vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians and others upon the public (and sometimes private) ways.

The traffic code generally includes provisions relating to the establishment of authority and enforcement procedures, statement of the rules of the road, and other safety provisions. Administrative regulations for driver licensing, vehicle ownership and registration, insurance, vehicle safety inspections and parking violations may also be included, though not always directly related to driving safety. Violations of traffic code (i.e., a "moving violation") are often dealt with by forfeiting a fine in response to receiving a valid citation ("getting a ticket"). Other violations, such as drunk driving or vehicular homicide are handled through the criminal courts, although there may also be civil and administrative cases that arise from the same violation (including payment of damages and loss of driving privileges). In some jurisdictions there is a separate code-enforcement branch of government that handles illegal parking and other non-moving violations (e.g., noise and other emissions, illegal equipment). Elsewhere, there may be multiple overlapping police agencies patrolling for violations of state or federal driving regulations.

In 1949, US is involved in the treaty named Convention sur la circulation routière (Genève, 19 September 1949) in the goal to «establishing certain uniform rules». Such treaty defines for instance dimension of vehicles: 2m50 or 8 feet 20 and in the other side 3m80 or 12 feet 50^[1] or a model of driving permit (USA ratification 30 August 1950). It also assumes existence of national legislation in this domain.

In the United States each state has its own traffic code, although most of the rules of the road are similar for the purpose of uniformity, given that all states grant reciprocal driving privileges (and penalties) to each other's licensed drivers. There is also a "Uniform Vehicle Code" which has been proposed by a private, non-profit group, based upon input by its members. As with many such offerings, some states adopt selected portions as written, or else with modifications, and others create their own versions. Similarly, most states have adopted relevant standards for signs and signals, based upon the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices from the U.S. Department of Transportation. Many of the standard rules of the road involve consistent interpretation of the standard signs and signals, such as what to do when approaching a stop sign, or the driving requirements imposed by a double yellow line on the street or highway. Many federal departments have also adopted their own traffic code for enforcement on their respective reservations (e.g., national parks, military bases).

Georgia’s new law which took effect from July 01, 2018 prohibits the drivers from holding any devices (Mobile phones or any electronic devices) in hand while driving. ^[2]

Outside US

Most countries define a national legislation relative to car driving and penalties. Most of those regulation have some common basis to help people driving from one country to one other: Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals have helped this harmonization effort.

Road, driving and traffic regulations are the subject to specific codification of the law in countries such as:

In Morocco, the law «loi n°52-05 portant code de la route» deals with a new traffic code, approved on 14 January 2009,^[5] and adopted on 11 February 2010 (26 safar 1431).

In Belgium this regulation is not a code although it is road traffic specific. It is defined by Koninklijk besluit houdende algemeen reglement op de politie van het wegverkeer en van het gebruik van de openbare weg. [KB. 09.12.1975].

In Switzerland, this legislation is not considered as code it is legislation number 741.01.

In United Kingdom there is no codification. Some piece of laws such as a Road Traffic Act and a Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions do exist; a book named Highway Code is edited by public entity with guidelines based and/or compatible with local law.

In European Union federal level, legislation is more oriented on transport competition and not on sharing the road. There is some effort oriented to issues such as driving license and car control.

See also

References

1. ^treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20125/v125.pdfAnnexe 7, page 78 (english)Annexe 7, page 79 (french)
2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.fox5atlanta.com/good-day/hands-free-options-for-obeying-the-distracted-driving-law|title=Hands-free options for obeying the distracted driving law|last=FOX|work=WAGA|access-date=2018-06-08|language=en-US}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h060f.php |title=Code de la route |publisher=Web2.gov.mb.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-10-25}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/textescoordonnes/codes/index.html#code_route |title=Legilux - Codes-Loi |publisher=Legilux.public.lu |date= |accessdate=2011-10-25}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mtpnet.gov.ma/MET_New/Fr/MenuServices/code+de+la+route/Textes+Juridiques/La+loi+52.05+relative+au+code+de+la+route.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221050838/http://www.mtpnet.gov.ma/MET_New/Fr/MenuServices/code+de+la+route/Textes+Juridiques/La+Loi+52.05+relative+au+code+de+la+route.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2010-02-21 |title=Ministère de l'Equipement et du Transport |publisher=Mtpnet.gov.ma |date=2009-01-14 |accessdate=2011-10-25 }}
6. ^http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo/index.html
7. ^http://guide.munich-french-connection.net/R%C3%A8glementation_routi%C3%A8re_en_Allemagne