“UEFA European Championship qualifying”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This page is a summary of the UEFA European Championship qualifying, the process that UEFA-affiliated national association football teams go through in order to qualify for the UEFA European Championship.

Since 1960, European Championship final tournaments have been contested in the summer of every fourth year. The qualifying procedure for each final tournament has usually included qualifying matches held during the two years preceding that year (for example, the Euro 2016 qualifying spanned from September 2014 to November 2015). In this article, the years correspond to the final tournaments of the European Championship, and not to the actual dates when the qualification matches were played.

Format evolution

The 1960 and 1964 qualifications consisted of a knock-out tournament only. The four quarter-final-winning teams would qualify for the final stages, and one of them would be chosen to be the host of the tournament.

The 1968, 1972, and 1976 qualifying tournaments included a group stage of eight groups. The eight group winners would advance to a quarter-final stage, which was still part of the qualifying. The four quarter-final winners would progress to the finals. Again, the host nation would be chosen among the four finalists.

From 1980 onwards, the hosting rights would be assigned in advance to one or two countries, and the host teams would be guaranteed an automatic spot in the finals and would not have to go through qualification. Also, the format was expanded to feature 8 teams. The 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1992 qualifications included seven qualifying groups, and the seven group winners would progress to the finals joining the host team.{{Cref2|Note 1992}}

From 1996, the 16-team format was employed. The 1996 qualifying consisted of eight groups; the eight group winners and the six best runners-up would qualify directly, while the two worst runners-up would meet in a play-off to determine the last team to earn a spot in the finals, joining the host country.

In 2000, the winners of the nine qualifying groups would qualify for the finals, and so would the best runner-up. The remaining eight runners-up would enter a play-off round, where they would be paired off against each other; the winners of each pairing would qualify too. For the first time, there were two host countries; they both received automatic berths in the finals.

In 2004, along with the host team, the ten qualifying group winners would qualify, as would the winners of each of the five play-off ties which would be contested by the ten runners-up.

In 2008, the top two teams from each of the seven qualifying groups would join the two host teams to bring the number of finalists to 16.

The 2012 qualification used a format similar to that of 2000: spots would be given to nine group winners and the best runner-up, and the remaining eight runners-up would enter play-offs to determine the remaining four finalists, with automatic berths being guaranteed to the two host countries.

From 2016, the finals format was expanded again, now featuring 24 teams. The 2016 qualifying included nine groups; the winners, the runners-up, and the best third-placed team would qualify, while the remaining eight third-placed teams would form four play-off pairings to determine the last four finalists. The host nation would still qualify automatically.

For the 2020 finals, hosted by multiple cities across Europe, there would be no automatic qualifying berths. 20 of the 24 qualifying places would go to the winners and runners-up of the ten groups of the 2020 qualifying, while the remaining four would be determined via play-offs. Participation in those play-offs would be determined based on the teams' performances in the newly formed UEFA Nations League and not in the qualifying itself. From each of the four divisions of the 2018–19 Nations League, the four best-placed teams not yet qualified for Euro 2020 (the group winners, unless already qualified) would advance to a four-team play-off for that division using a knock-out system of semi-finals and a final. The four final winners would qualify for the Euro main tournament.

Participating teams

All national teams that are members of UEFA are eligible to enter the qualification for the European Championship. A total of 56 distinct entities have made attempts to qualify for the European Championship. Of those, 55 are still active in the competition. Due to political changes, a few of the entities have appeared under multiple incarnations (see the footnotes to the below table), and the East Germany team is now defunct.

Saarland, a former UEFA member, merged into West Germany in 1957 and therefore did not enter the qualifiers of any European Championships.

1. ^{{fb|TCH}} later dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and was succeeded by the {{fb|CZE}} from the 1996 qualification onwards.
2. ^East Germany entered the 1992 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches, joined West Germany, and since then competes as part of the reunited nation of Germany.
3. ^After completing the 1992 qualification, the {{fb|URS}} dissolved into multiple countries, and was succeeded and replaced by the provisional {{fb|CIS|1992|name=Commonwealth of Independent States}} team for the 1992 finals, which in turn was succeeded by {{fb|RUS}} from the 1996 qualification onwards.
4. ^The {{fb|YUG|name=Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} later broke up into multiple countries, and was succeeded by the {{fb|FR Yugoslavia|name=Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} from the 2000 qualification. The country was renamed as {{fb|SCG}} during the 2004 qualification. It entered the 2008 qualification, but, before playing any matches, split into the countries of Serbia and Montenegro, and was succeeded and replaced by {{fb|SRB|2004}}.
5. ^{{fb|FRG}} entered the 1992 qualification, but, before playing any matches, reunified with East Germany and was succeeded and replaced by the reunited nation of {{fb|GER}}.
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, and Ukraine previously competed as parts of the Soviet Union (1960–1992). All of them except Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania also competed in the Euro 1992 finals as parts of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Slovenia previously competed as parts of SFR Yugoslavia (1960–1992). Kosovo and Montenegro then competed as parts of FR Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro (2000–2004). Kosovo then competed as part of Serbia (2008), before unilaterally declaring independence from it in February 2008 and eventually being admitted to UEFA in May 2016.
8. ^Slovakia previously competed as part of Czechoslovakia (1960–1992).
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/euro-alltime.html#qualres|title=European Championship 1958-2008 All-Time Rankings. All-Time Table Qualifying Stages|publisher=RSSSF|access-date=26 May 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/68e.html|title=European Championship 1968|publisher=RSSSF|access-date=26 May 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=1968/matches/round=178/match=3874/index.html|title=UEFA EURO 1968 - History - Austria-Greece|publisher=UEFA|access-date=26 May 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=1968/standings/round=178/group=21/index.html|title=UEFA EURO 1968 - History - Standings|publisher=UEFA|access-date=26 May 2016}}
13. ^Teams are ranked by total points, then by goal difference, then by goals scored. Note that this column does not represent any official rankings.
14. ^Only qualifying campaigns are counted where the team played at least one match.
15. ^Including automatic qualifiers.
16. ^The three points for a win system is used.
17. ^{{cite web |title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 (Implementing Trade Embargo on Yugoslavia) |url=http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/peace/docs/scres757.html |publisher=University of Minnesota Human Rights Center |accessdate=27 July 2014}}

Overview

Team records

Up to and including the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying matches played on 26 March 2019.

Format evolution

Participating teams

Overview

Team records

Notes

References

External links

See also