“Underwater Society of America”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Underwater Society of America (USOA) is the peak body for underwater sport and recreational diving in the United States of America.

Organisation

The USOA is a membership-based organisation consisting of individuals, clubs and regional councils. Its day-to-day operations are controlled by an executive committee which reports to a board of governors and the delegates of the member councils and clubs.

Origins and history

The USOA was established by a number of regional organisations in 1959 after the founding of Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) initially to organise spearfishing teams for international competition. Prior to its creation, national competition in spearfishing (or skindiving as it was and is still known) and scuba diving was organised by the National Competitive Skindivers Committee of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). The National Competitive Skindivers Committee has previously established in 1954 as an initiative of both the AAU and the International Underwater Spearfishing Association (IUSA) and was the body representing the United States at the foundation of CMAS.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Recognition

The USOA is a member of the following organisations - CMAS with affiliation to the sport, technical and scientific committees, the CMAS American Zone, the Divers Alert Network (DAN), the Diving Equipment and Marketing Association (DEMA) and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Underwater sport

USOA supports competition at all levels within the United States for the following underwater sports: competition scuba, finswimming, freediving, spearfishing, underwater hockey, underwater photography and underwater rugby. Competition is available at international level for all sports except for competition scuba.^[4]

Diver training

As of August 2013, the USOA does not offer diver training.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} During 2010, USOA entered in an agreement with the Scuba Educators International (SEI) to permit SEI to issue CMAS International Diver Training Certificates on its behalf.^[9]

Awards

The USOA both operates and participates in the following awards and recognition schemes.

It honours its own athletes with the Man & Woman Athlete of the Year being awarded for each sport and with all sports national champions being inducted in the All American Dive Team. There are also two underwater hockey sportsmanship awards - the Dan Wilkins Memorial Award for the National Championships and the Carl Judd Memorial Award for the Pacific Coast Championships.

The USOA was the original supporter of the NOGI Award which is presumably named after the New Orleans Grand Isle Fishing Tournament which included an underwater section and was created during the 1950s to recognise leaders in all forms of underwater diving. The NOGI awards scheme is now the responsibility of the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences.^[10]

In the tradition of the NOGI award, the USOA also recognizes divers within the United States at the regional level with The Regional Divers of the Year Award in the categories of art, sports, education, science and service.

As an affiliate of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), the USOA is eligible to nominate individuals for the USOC Athlete of the Year.^[11]

The USOA also is a joint-founder and a sponsor of the Women Divers Hall of Fame.^[12]

International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee

The International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee (IBSRC) by agreement with the USOA operates as a ‘council of special interest’ within the USOA. The IBSRC was established in 1996 to promote ‘ethical, safe and sporting spearfishing practices, to establish uniform regulations for the compilation of world-bluewater gamefish records, and to provide basic spearfishing guidelines for use in bluewater contests and any other bluewater spearfishing activities worldwide.’ ^[13]^[14]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Mike Gower - Distinguished Service - 2008|url=http://74.220.29.245/bio_gower_mike.html|publisher=Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences |accessdate=8 February 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=History Timeline|url=http://www.iusarecords.com/History.aspx|publisher=International Underwater Spearfishing Association|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=C.M.A.S.|url=http://www.luigiferraro.it/en/cmas|publisher=Official site dedicated to Luigi Ferraro |accessdate=8 September 2013}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|title=Competitions|url=http://www.underwater-society.org/|publisher=THE UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA|url=http://www.cmas.org/cmas/federations?id=171|publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Federations |url=http://www.cmas-america.org/federaciones/ |publisher=CMAS America |accessdate=22 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619013003/http://www.cmas-america.org/federaciones/ |archivedate=June 19, 2012 }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Underwater Society Of America|url=http://www.demashow.com/dema2012/Public/Booth.aspx?BoothID=196031|publisher=DEMA SHOW 2012|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Multi-Sport Organizations|url=http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/In-the-Community/Partner-Programs/Multi-Sport-Organizations.aspx|publisher=United States Olympic Committee|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=ORGANIZATIONAL STANDARDS|url=http://www.seidiving.org/about-us/organizational-standards/|publisher=Scuba Educators International|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=NOGI - Diving's Most Prestigious Award|url=http://www.auas-nogi.org/nogi.html|publisher=Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences|accessdate=8 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003055052/http://www.auas-nogi.org/nogi.html|archivedate=3 October 2008}}
11. ^{{cite web|title= USOC OLYMPIAN ATHLETES OF THE YEAR|url=http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Roller-Sports/Resources/Honors-and-Awards/USOC-Olympian-Athletes-Of-The-Year|publisher= The United States Olympic Committee|accessdate=28 September 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|title= About The Women Divers Hall of Fame|url=http://www.wdhof.org/aboutus.shtml|publisher= The Women Divers Hall of Fame |accessdate=22 August 2013}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=WORLD RECORD CERTIFICATION FOR BLUEWATER FISH|url=http://www.freedive.net/ibsrc/index.htm|publisher=International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee|accessdate=22 August 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=INTERNATIONAL BLUEWATER SPEARFISHING RECORDS COMMITTEE (IBSRC)|url=http://www.underwater-society.org/usoa/ibsrc.html|publisher=UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA|accessdate=22 August 2013}}

词条	Underwater Society of America
释义	Organisation Origins and history Recognition Underwater sport Diver training Awards International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee See also References External links {{short description\|American national representative organization for underwater sport.}}{{Infobox organization \| name = Underwater Society of America \| image = \| image_border = \| size = \| alt = \| caption = \| map = \| msize = \| malt = \| mcaption = \| map2 = \| abbreviation = USOA \| motto = \| predecessor = AAU National Competitive Skindivers Committee \| successor = \| formation = \| extinction = \| type = NGO \| status = A Maryland Not-For-Profit Corporation \| purpose = Peak body for underwater sports & recreational diving \| headquarters = \| location = PO Box 628 Daly City, CA 94017 United States \| coords = \| region_served = United States of America \| membership = \| language = \| general = \| leader_title = President \| leader_name = Carol Rose \| leader_title2 = Vice President \| leader_name2 = Ray Tucker \| leader_title3 = General Secretary \| leader_name3 = Michael Gower^[1] \| leader_title4 = \| leader_name4 = \| key_people = \| main_organ = Executive Committee \| parent_organization = \| affiliations = CMAS DEMA DAN USOC \| budget = \| num_staff = \| num_volunteers = \| website = http://www.underwater-society.org/ \| remarks = \| former name = }} The Underwater Society of America (USOA) is the peak body for underwater sport and recreational diving in the United States of America. Organisation The USOA is a membership-based organisation consisting of individuals, clubs and regional councils. Its day-to-day operations are controlled by an executive committee which reports to a board of governors and the delegates of the member councils and clubs. Origins and history The USOA was established by a number of regional organisations in 1959 after the founding of Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) initially to organise spearfishing teams for international competition. Prior to its creation, national competition in spearfishing (or skindiving as it was and is still known) and scuba diving was organised by the National Competitive Skindivers Committee of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). The National Competitive Skindivers Committee has previously established in 1954 as an initiative of both the AAU and the International Underwater Spearfishing Association (IUSA) and was the body representing the United States at the foundation of CMAS.^[2]^[3]^[4] Recognition The USOA is a member of the following organisations - CMAS with affiliation to the sport, technical and scientific committees, the CMAS American Zone, the Divers Alert Network (DAN), the Diving Equipment and Marketing Association (DEMA) and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Underwater sport USOA supports competition at all levels within the United States for the following underwater sports: competition scuba, finswimming, freediving, spearfishing, underwater hockey, underwater photography and underwater rugby. Competition is available at international level for all sports except for competition scuba.^[4] {{further\|Finswimming in the United States\|Underwater rugby in the United States}} Diver training As of August 2013, the USOA does not offer diver training.{{citation needed\|date=August 2013}} During 2010, USOA entered in an agreement with the Scuba Educators International (SEI) to permit SEI to issue CMAS International Diver Training Certificates on its behalf.^[9] Awards The USOA both operates and participates in the following awards and recognition schemes. It honours its own athletes with the Man & Woman Athlete of the Year being awarded for each sport and with all sports national champions being inducted in the All American Dive Team. There are also two underwater hockey sportsmanship awards - the Dan Wilkins Memorial Award for the National Championships and the Carl Judd Memorial Award for the Pacific Coast Championships. The USOA was the original supporter of the NOGI Award which is presumably named after the New Orleans Grand Isle Fishing Tournament which included an underwater section and was created during the 1950s to recognise leaders in all forms of underwater diving. The NOGI awards scheme is now the responsibility of the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences.^[10] In the tradition of the NOGI award, the USOA also recognizes divers within the United States at the regional level with The Regional Divers of the Year Award in the categories of art, sports, education, science and service. As an affiliate of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), the USOA is eligible to nominate individuals for the USOC Athlete of the Year.^[11] The USOA also is a joint-founder and a sponsor of the Women Divers Hall of Fame.^[12] International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee The International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee (IBSRC) by agreement with the USOA operates as a ‘council of special interest’ within the USOA. The IBSRC was established in 1996 to promote ‘ethical, safe and sporting spearfishing practices, to establish uniform regulations for the compilation of world-bluewater gamefish records, and to provide basic spearfishing guidelines for use in bluewater contests and any other bluewater spearfishing activities worldwide.’ ^[13]^[14] See also {{Portal bar\|Diver organisations}} {{annotated link\|Christ of the Abyss}} {{annotated link\|John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park}} {{annotated link\|Joel Armas}} {{annotated link\|List of United States records in finswimming}} {{annotated link\|Misty Hyman}} {{annotated link\|Peppo Biscarini}} {{annotated link\|Texas Finswimming Association}} {{annotated link\|Texas Open Finswimming Invitational}} References 1. ^{{cite web\|title=Mike Gower - Distinguished Service - 2008\|url=http://74.220.29.245/bio_gower_mike.html\|publisher=Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences \|accessdate=8 February 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web\|title=History Timeline\|url=http://www.iusarecords.com/History.aspx\|publisher=International Underwater Spearfishing Association\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web\|title=C.M.A.S.\|url=http://www.luigiferraro.it/en/cmas\|publisher=Official site dedicated to Luigi Ferraro \|accessdate=8 September 2013}} 4. ^¹{{cite web\|title=Competitions\|url=http://www.underwater-society.org/\|publisher=THE UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web\|title=UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA\|url=http://www.cmas.org/cmas/federations?id=171\|publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web\|title=Federations \|url=http://www.cmas-america.org/federaciones/ \|publisher=CMAS America \|accessdate=22 August 2013 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619013003/http://www.cmas-america.org/federaciones/ \|archivedate=June 19, 2012 }} 7. ^{{cite web\|title=Underwater Society Of America\|url=http://www.demashow.com/dema2012/Public/Booth.aspx?BoothID=196031\|publisher=DEMA SHOW 2012\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web\|title=Multi-Sport Organizations\|url=http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/In-the-Community/Partner-Programs/Multi-Sport-Organizations.aspx\|publisher=United States Olympic Committee\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web\|title=ORGANIZATIONAL STANDARDS\|url=http://www.seidiving.org/about-us/organizational-standards/\|publisher=Scuba Educators International\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web\|title=NOGI - Diving's Most Prestigious Award\|url=http://www.auas-nogi.org/nogi.html\|publisher=Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences\|accessdate=8 February 2015\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003055052/http://www.auas-nogi.org/nogi.html\|archivedate=3 October 2008}} 11. ^{{cite web\|title= USOC OLYMPIAN ATHLETES OF THE YEAR\|url=http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Roller-Sports/Resources/Honors-and-Awards/USOC-Olympian-Athletes-Of-The-Year\|publisher= The United States Olympic Committee\|accessdate=28 September 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web\|title= About The Women Divers Hall of Fame\|url=http://www.wdhof.org/aboutus.shtml\|publisher= The Women Divers Hall of Fame \|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web\|title=WORLD RECORD CERTIFICATION FOR BLUEWATER FISH\|url=http://www.freedive.net/ibsrc/index.htm\|publisher=International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web\|title=INTERNATIONAL BLUEWATER SPEARFISHING RECORDS COMMITTEE (IBSRC)\|url=http://www.underwater-society.org/usoa/ibsrc.html\|publisher=UNDERWATER SOCIETY OF AMERICA\|accessdate=22 August 2013}} }} External links Underwater Society of America homepage [https://web.archive.org/web/20140109184243/http://usafins.org/ USA Finswimming homepage] USA Underwater Hockey homepage USA Underwater Rugby homepage International Bluewater Spearfishing Records Committee homepage {{Diver organisations}}{{USA sport federations}}{{Finswimming \|state=collapsed}} 10 : Sports governing bodies in the United States\|Sports organizations of the United States\|Diver organisations\|Underwater sports organizations\|Finswimming\|Underwater hockey governing bodies\|Underwater rugby\|Sports organizations established in 1959\|1959 establishments in the United States\|Underwater sport in the United States
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