| 词条 | United Arab List |
| 释义 |
| name = United Arab List | logo = United Arab List.svg | logo_size = 250px | lang1 = | name_lang1 = | lang2 = | name_lang2 = | leader = Masud Ghnaim Abdulmalik Dehamshe Ibrahim Sarsur | chairman = Masud Ghnaim | foundation = {{start date|1996}} | dissolution = | headquarters = | ideology = Israeli Arab interest Islamism (factions)[1][2][3] Anti-Zionism | position = Big tent (factions from Far-left to Right-wing) | seats1_title = Seats in Knesset | seats1 = {{Composition bar|4|120|hex={{United Arab List/meta/color}}}} | national = Joint List | symbol = {{Hebrew|עם}} {{lang|ar|ع م}} | colours = | colorcode = {{United Arab List/meta/color}} | website = | country = Israel | seats2_title = Most MKs | seats2 = {{nowrap|5 (1999)}} | native_name = {{Hebrew|הרשימה הערבית המאוחדת}} {{lang|ar|القائمة العربية الموحدة}} }} The United Arab List ({{lang-he-n|הַרְשִׁימָה הַעֲרָבִית הַמְאוּחֶדֶת}}, HaReshima HaAravit HaMe'uhedet; {{lang-ar|القائمة العربية الموحدة}}, al-Qā'ima al-'Arabiyya al-Muwaḥḥada), commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Ra'am ({{lang-he-n|רע"מ|lit=Thunder}}), is an Israeli Arab political party representing and supported by Israeli Arabs. It is not related to the original United Arab List that existed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The party has run on a joint list with Ta'al since the 2006 elections. For the 2015 election, United Arab List joined with Hadash, Balad, Ta'al, and the Islamic Movement to form the Joint List.[4] For the 2019 election, it is running on a list with Balad alone.[4] HistoryThe party was established prior to the 1996 elections, and was joined in an electoral alliance by the Arab Democratic Party (which held two seats in the outgoing parliament) and the southern faction of the Islamic Movement. The party initially went under the title of Mada-Ra'am, Mada being the acronym and common name for the Arab Democratic Party. In the elections, the party won four seats. During the Knesset term, the Arab Democratic Party became a faction within the United Arab List, and its name was dropped from the party title. The next elections saw the party increase its share of the vote and pick up five seats. However, internal disagreements saw three MKs leave; Muhamad Kanan and Tawfik Khatib left and established the Arab National Party, whilst Hashem Mahameed formed the National Unity – National Progressive Alliance party. In the 2003 elections the party's support dropped by more than a third, with the party only just crossing the electoral threshold of 2%, and winning only two seats. For the 2006 elections the party entered an alliance with Ahmad Tibi's Ta'al party. Running together, the alliance won four seats, three of which were taken by the United Arab List. The partys' alliance was maintained for the 2009 elections, which initially saw the Israeli Central Elections Committee ban the party from participating,[5] but this was overturned by the Supreme Court of Israel.[6] In the elections, the alliance again won four seats. Shortly before the 2013 elections, el-Sana left the party to sit as an independent Arab Democratic Party member. After the electoral threshold to gain Knesset seats was raised from 2% to 3.25%, the party joined with Hadash, Balad, Ta'al, and the Islamic Movement to form the Joint List.[7] Ideology and supportThe party supports the creation of a Palestinian State in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, with East Jerusalem as its capital; and equal rights for Arab citizens of Israel. Its constituency consists mostly of religious or nationalist Israeli Arabs, and enjoys particular popularity among the Bedouin – in the 2009 elections, 80% of residents of Bedouin communities voted for the party.[8] The Islamic Movement also operates in poor Arab towns and villages, as well as in Bedouin settlements, to mobilize voters. The southern faction of the Islamic Movement is now the dominant force in the party, whilst other factions include the Arab National Party. Knesset membershipCurrent Knesset members
Former Knesset members
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |author=Carol Migdalovitz |date=18 May 2015 |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/ib82008.pdf |title=Israel: Background and Relations with the United States |series=CRS Issue Brief for Congress |publisher=Congressional Research Service |accessdate=15 June 2015}} 2. ^{{Cite book |first=Barry |last=Rubin |title=Israel: An Introduction |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2012 |page=219 |isbn=978-0300162301}} 3. ^{{cite book |editor-first=Robert O. |editor-last=Freedman |title=Contemporary Israel: Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, and Security Challenges |publisher=Westview Press |year=2008 |page=14 |isbn=978-0813343853}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/full-list-the-parties-and-candidates-running-in-israel-s-election-1.6955905|title=FULL LIST: The Parties and Candidates Running in Israel's Election|date=20 February 2019|work=Haaretz|access-date=23 February 2019|language=en}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-bans-arab-parties-from-running-in-upcoming-elections-1.267987 |title=Israel bans Arab parties from running in upcoming elections |newspaper=Haaretz |date=12 January 2009 |accessdate=15 June 2015}} 6. ^{{cite news |author=Sharon Roffe-Ofir |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3660120,00.html |title=Hadash praises verdict on Arab parties |publisher=Ynetnews |date=21 January 2009 |accessdate=15 June 2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite news | url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/as-arab-mks-unite-a-new-political-landscape-emerges/ | title=As Arab MKs unite, a new political landscape emerges | work=The Times of Israel | date=28 January 2015 | last1=Hazboun | first1=Areej | last2=Estrin | first2=Daniel |accessdate=15 June 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/how-they-voted-see-israel-election-results-by-city-sector-1.269923 |title=How They Voted: See Israel election results by city/sector |newspaper=Haaretz |date=17 February 2009 |accessdate=15 June 2015}} External links
7 : Arab nationalism in Israel|Political parties in Israel|Arab political parties in Israel|Political parties established in 1996|Islamism in Israel|Islamic political parties|1996 establishments in Israel |
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