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词条 Transport in Brazil
释义

  1. Railroads

     Cities with metros  Railway links with adjacent countries  Tramways  High-speed rail 

  2. Highways

  3. Waterways

  4. Pipelines

  5. Seaports and harbors

      Atlantic Ocean   Amazon river  Paraguay River (international water way) 

  6. Merchant marine

  7. Airports

      Airports - with paved runways    Airports - with unpaved runways  

  8. National airlines

  9. Heliports

  10. See also

  11. References

{{Cleanup |date=October 2016 |reason=Unchecked vandalism may have compromised this article – need to check the statements and links to verify that they're not bogus.}}Transport infrastructure in Brazil is characterized by strong regional differences and lack of development of the national rail network.[1] Brazil's fast-growing economy, and especially the growth in exports, will place increasing demands on the transport networks.[2] However, sizeable new investments that are expected to address some of the issues are either planned or in progress.[2][3]

Railroads

{{Main|Rail transport in Brazil}}{{Further|RFFSA}}
  • Total actual network: 29,303 km

Broad gauge: 4,932 km {{RailGauge|1600mm|lk=on}} gauge (939 km electrified)

Narrow gauge: 23,773 km {{RailGauge|1000mm|lk=on}} gauge (581 km electrified)

Dual gauge: 396 km 1000 mm and 1600 mm gauges (three rails)

Standard gauge: 202.4 km {{RailGauge|sg}} gauge (2006)

  • Estrada de Ferro do Amapá in the middle of the Amazon Rainforest also used standard gauge.
  • A 12 km section of the former {{RailGauge|2ft6in}} gauge Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas is retained as a heritage railway.

Cities with metros

  • Belo Horizonte (28.2 km)
  • Brasília (42.4 km)
  • Fortaleza (24.1 km)
  • Porto Alegre (43.4 km)
  • Sobral (11.0 km)
  • Juazeiro do Norte (13.9 km)
  • Recife (71 km)
  • Rio de Janeiro (58 km)
  • São Paulo (96 km)
  • Salvador (48 km)
  • Teresina (13.5 km)

Railway links with adjacent countries

{{Main|Rail transport in Brazil#Railway links with adjacent countries}}

International rail links exist between Brazil and Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay.

Tramways

Brazil had a hundred tramway systems.[4] Currently, there are vintage tramways operating in Belém,[5] Campinas,[6] Campos do Jordão,[7] Itatinga,[8] Rio de Janeiro[9] and Santos.[10]

High-speed rail

{{Main|High-speed rail in Brazil}}

A high-speed rail connecting São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is currently under development.[11]

Highways

{{Main|Brazilian Highway System}}

Brazil has 1,751,868 kilometers of roads, 96,353 km of them paved and 1,655,515 km unpaved. That means that only 5.5% of the roads are paved and that 94.5% are unpaved. The most important highway of the country is BR-116 and the second is BR-101.

The country has a low rate of car ownership of 140 per 1000 population, however in comparison to the other developing economies of the BRIC group Brazil exceeds India and China.

Waterways

50,000 km navigable (most in areas remote from industry or population) (2008)

Pipelines

  • condensate/gas 62 km
  • natural gas 9,892 km
  • liquid petroleum gas 353 km
  • crude oil 4,517 km
  • refined products 4,465 km (2008)

Seaports and harbors

Atlantic Ocean

  • Fortaleza
  • Ilheus
  • Imbituba
  • Paranaguá
  • Porto Alegre
  • Recife
  • Rio de Janeiro
  • Rio Grande
  • Salvador
  • Santos
  • São Francisco do Sul
  • São Sebastião
  • Vitória
  • Itajaí
  • Natal

Amazon river

  • Belém
  • Manaus
  • Santarém

Paraguay River (international water way)

  • Corumbá

Merchant marine

total: 136 ships ({{GT|1,000|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|3,964,808}}/{{DWT|6,403,284|metric|disp=long}}

ships by type: (1999 est.)

  • bulk carriers 19
  • cargo ships 22
  • chemical tankers 7
  • container ships 11
  • gas carrying tankers 12
  • multi-functional large load carrier 1
  • passenger/cargo ships 12
  • petroleum tanker 45
  • roll-on/roll-off 7

Airports

{{see also|List of airports in Brazil}}

Most international flights must go to São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport or Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport. Belo Horizonte is the main international airport outside Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. A few go to Brasília, Recife, Natal, and just recently Fortaleza has accepted international flights. With South American integration, more airports can be expected to open to international flights.

In 2013 Brazil had the sixth largest passenger air market in the world.[12]

Airports - with paved runways

  • total: 734
  • over 3,047 m: 7
  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 169
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 476
  • under 914 m: 56 (2008)

Airports - with unpaved runways

  • total: 3,442
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 85
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 1,541
  • under 914 m: 1,816 (2008)

National airlines

{{Main|List of airlines of Brazil}}
  • Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras
  • Gol Transportes Aéreos
  • Avianca
  • TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas)

Heliports

  • 16 (2007)
  • 13 (2010)

See also

  • Rail transport by country

References

  • [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html CIA - The World Factbook - Brazil - Transportation]
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/trends/america/brazil.jsp|title=Logistics in Brazil - DHL Logistik|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120724063352/http://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/trends/america/brazil.jsp|archivedate=2012-07-24|df=}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/ISA_3976/$file/X_9317614.PDF |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-09-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922065731/http://www.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/ISA_3976/$file/X_9317614.PDF |archivedate=2012-09-22 |df= }}
3. ^Home page | The world's leading construction web site{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/tto/1.html|title=INTRODUCTION|website=www.tramz.com}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/be/be50.html|title=The Tramways of Belém|website=www.tramz.com}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/cp/pp.html|title=The Tramways of Campinas|website=www.tramz.com}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/cj/cj.html|title=Campos do Jordão|website=www.tramz.com}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/it/it.html|title=CODESP hydroelectric complex (Brazil)|website=www.tramz.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/rj/st/st.html|title=THE SANTA TERESA TRAMWAY|website=www.tramz.com}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/ss/st.html|title=THE SCOTTISH TRAMS OF SANTOS|website=www.tramz.com}}
11. ^In Tokyo Rio governor assures high speed rail {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045606/http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Noticias/Noticia.aspx?idConteudo=492 |date=2010-10-12 }} Rio 2016. Retrieved on 2009-06-21.
12. ^World Bank Datebase, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR
{{Airlines of Brazil}}{{Economy of Brazil}}{{Brazil topics}}{{Americas topic|Transport in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Brazil}}

1 : Transport in Brazil
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