1. Railways
    Railway links with adjacent countries  Maps 

2. Roads
    Motorways  E-roads  Road rules 

3. Waterways

4. Pipelines

5. Ports and harbours

6. Airports
    Airports - with paved runways  Airports - with unpaved runways 

7. See also

8. References

The following is a summary of the transport system of the Republic of Macedonia.

Railways

(699 km (437 miles) of open track and {{convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}} of station/industrial track)^[1]

a new {{convert|56|km|mi|abbr=on}} extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovci line to the Bulgarian border is under construction.^[2]

Restructuring of national railway MZ into infrastructure and operating companies completed in July 2007.^[3]

Railway links with adjacent countries

• {{flagicon|Serbia}} Serbia - yes
• {{flagicon|Kosovo}} Kosovo - yes
• {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Bulgaria - no
• {{flagicon|Greece}} Greece - yes
• {{flagicon|Albania}} Albania - no

Maps

• [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/macedonia.pdf UN Map]
• UNHCR Atlas Map

Roads

228 km of motorways (2008)

Motorways

The main network consists of 7 corridors, a good length of which already have motorways.

Petrovec - (through inner)Skopje - Stenkovec - [Blace]

(M-5K1 Bitola - Medžitlija)

The first motorway in the country was the Kumanovo-Petrovec section of the A-1, opened for traffic in 1979 as part of the Brotherhood and Unity Highway which linked Central Europe to Athens.

In 2008 the country had {{convert|228|km|mi|sp=us}} of motorways, with additional {{convert|21|km|mi|sp=us}} under construction and the beginning of works on {{convert|28|km|mi|sp=us}} (the Demir Kapija - Smokvica section of A-1) being postponed for 2009.

In 2008 the government also carried out an ambitious public tender for giving concessions for {{convert|550|km|mi|sp=us}} of motorways. The outcome will be known in 2009.

E-roads

The E-road network in Macedonia consists of:

Road rules

The traffic signs adhere to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.

Lights must be on all the time, seatbelts are mandatory for passengers in the front and drivers are forbidden to speak on a mobile phone while driving.

The general speed limits are:

• in inhabited areas {{Convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
• outside of inhabited areas {{Convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
• on expressways {{Convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
• on motorways {{Convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}

Waterways

None.

Lake transport (tourist and recreational boats) only, on the Greek and Albanian borders.

Pipelines

Gas {{convert|268|km|mi|abbr=on}} (2004)

Ports and harbours

Macedonia has no sea access.

There are marinas for mostly recreational traffic on Ohrid Lake and other natural and artificial lakes.

Airports

Air transport in Macedonia begin after the end of the First World War, when airmail traffic route was created between Novi Sad–Belgrade–Niš–Skoplje.^[4] Later, the Yugoslav flag carrier Aeroput inaugurated in 1930 a regular scheduled flight between Belgrade and Thessaloniki with a stop in Skopje airfield. Later, in 1933, Aeroput extended the route to Athens, while in 1935 Skopje was linked to Niš, Bitola, and Podujevo in 1936.^[5]

After the end of Second World War, passenger and cargo air transport reestablished, Aeroput was rebranded as JAT Yugoslav Airlines, and routes linking Belgrade, through Skopje, to Athens and Istanbul, using a Douglas DC-3, were inaugurated. During SFRY period JAT linked Skopje with Belgrade and other domestic destinations, but through Belgrade passengers from Skopje were able to catch connecting flights to all five continents. In the 1980s the Skopje airport was majorly expanded, and by late 1980s and early 1990s several companies with hub in Skopje were created, such as Palair, Avioimpex, Air Vardar, and others we created. After independence of Macedonia, most became flag-carriers of the newly-independent country.

Beside Skopje, in Macedonia, during second half of the 20th century, Ohrid airport was also developed, starting with the opening of regular scheduled flights between Belgrade–Skopje–Ohrid during the 1960s. Until 1990 charted flights were also inaugurated linking Ohrid with international destinations.

17 (2002 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

11

8,000 to 9,999 ft:

2

under 3,000 ft:

8 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

6

3,000 to 4,999 ft:

3

under 3,000 ft:

3 (2000 est.)

See also

• Republic of Macedonia

References

• Middelburg, Netherlands
• Middelburg (Reeuwijk)
• Middelburg, South Holland
• Middelfart, Denmark
• Middelhagen
• Middelhoff
• Middelie
• Middelkoop
• Middelsee
• Middelstum
• Mid-Del Technology Center
• Middelzee
• Middenbeemster
• Middendorf
• Middendorff
• Middendorff Bay
• Middendorffs Grasshopper-warbler
• Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler
• Middendorff's grasshopper warbler
• Middendorffs Grasshopper Warbler
• Middendorf's Grasshopper-warbler
• Middendorf's vole
• Middendorp
• Middenface McNulty
• Midden heap