| 词条 | Transport in the Palestinian territories |
| 释义 |
This article describes transport in the Palestinian territories, which consists of two non-contiguous territories, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, different parts of which are administered by Palestinian National Authority, Hamas Administration in Gaza and Israel. Egress and ingress to these territories de jure is controlled by Israel, but such control is not enforced on the Gaza land border with Egypt. Railways{{see|Palestine Railways}}There are no operating railways in the Palestinian territories. The Camp David agreements, and repeated in statements made by Israel in 2005, there was a proposal to link the two Palestinian territories with a high speed rail line. This would involve extending the Heletz railway to Tarqumiyah (thus providing a rail link from Erez Crossing to the West Bank) and building a spur for the future Eastern Railway to Tulkarm, as well as rebuilding the old railway branch from a renewed Jezreel Valley Railway to Jenin. These links might be extended later through to Egypt and Jordan. {{As of|2012|2}}, a plan for a 475-kilometer rail network, establishing 11 new rail lines in West Bank, was confirmed by Israeli Transportation Ministry. The West Bank network would include one line running through Jenin, Nablus, Ramallah, Jerusalem, Ma'aleh Adumim, Bethlehem and Hebron. Another would provide service along the Jordanian border from Eilat to the Dead Sea, Jericho and Beit She'an and from there toward Haifa in the west and in also in a northeasterly direction. The proposed scheme also calls for shorter routes, such as between Nablus and Tulkarm in the West Bank, and from Ramallah to the Allenby Bridge crossing into Jordan.[1]HistoryThe Gaza Strip had a standard-gauge railway running 34 kilometers along its length from north to south, which was built in 1916. Prior to 1948 and from about 1972 until an unknown date the line connected to what then became the Israeli system to the north. It also connected to the Egyptian railway system to the south from 1916 to 1967. The line has now been dismantled. In the West Bank, a narrow-gauge railway operated until the 1940s from Jenin to Tulkarm and Nablus, which was built during Ottoman rule, and connected to the Hejaz Railway on a {{RailGauge|1050mm}} gauge. Links with adjacent countriesThe defunct railways in the Palestinian territories are:
The narrow gauge Jezreel Valley Railway branch from Afula to Jenin operated until the 1940s. Also, until the late 1940s, a gauge break existed in Tulkarm between the Jenin—Tulkarm—Nablus narrow gauge railway and the standard gauge Eastern Railway. All these connections are now defunct.
Roadways{{see also|West Bank#Roads}}In 2010, the West Bank and Gaza Strip together had {{convert|4686|km|mi|-0|abbr=on}} of roadways.[2] Salah al-Din Road, also known as the Salah ad-Deen Highway, is the main highway of the Gaza Strip. It is 45 kilometers long, and runs the entire length of the Gaza Strip from the Erez Crossing to Israel in the north to the Rafah Crossing to Egypt in the south.[3]Ports and harborsThe West Bank is landlocked and has no ports. There is a Port of Gaza, a small port near the Rimal district of Gaza City.[4] It is the home port of Palestinian fishing-boats and the base of the Palestinian Naval Police, a branch of the Palestinian National Security Forces. Under the Oslo II Accord, the activities of the Palestinian Naval Police are restricted to 6 nautial miles from the coast.[5] The Port of Gaza has been under naval blockade since 2007, and activities at the port have been restricted to small-scale fishing. Construction of the Gaza Seaport had begun in the Gaza Strip, but the building was destroyed and the project abandoned after the outbreak of the Second Intifada in September 2000. There are no ships in the Gaza Strip over 1,000 gross tons. Airports{{main|List of airports in the State of Palestine}}There are three airports in the Palestinian territories, all of which are presently closed. The Yasser Arafat International Airport (previously called Gaza International Airport), located in the Gaza Strip, was opened on 24 November 1998 as part of the Oslo II Accord and the 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum. The airport was closed in October 2000 by Israeli order, after the breakout of the Second Intifada.[6] Its runway was destroyed by the Israel Defense Forces in December 2001. Atarot Airport was also closed in 2000. Gush Katif Airport, also in the Gaza Strip, was closed in 2004. West Bank Palestinians traveling abroad can use the Allenby Bridge to enter Jordan and then use the Queen Alia International Airport in Amman to fly abroad. Border crossingsThe Allenby Bridge, also known as the Al-Karameh Bridge and the King Hussein Bridge, is a bridge that crosses the Jordan River near the city of Jericho, and connects the West Bank with Jordan. The bridge is currently the sole designated exit/entry point for West Bank Palestinians traveling abroad. Since the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty, the Allenby Bridge Terminal has been operated by the Israel Airports Authority.[7] The Erez Crossing, Karni Crossing and the Kerem Shalom Crossing are the only border crossings on the Israel-Gaza Strip barrier between the Gaza Strip and Israel, and have been affected by the Israeli Blockade of the Gaza Strip. The Rafah Crossing is the only land crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt.
Notes1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israel-draws-plan-for-475-kilometer-rail-network-in-west-bank-1.414976|title=Israel draws plan for 475-kilometer rail network in West Bank|publisher=haaretz|date=February 2012|accessdate=23 December 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103102753/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israel-draws-plan-for-475-kilometer-rail-network-in-west-bank-1.414976|archivedate=3 November 2012|df=dmy-all}} {{Economy of Palestine}}{{Asia topic|Transport in}}2. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/we.html| title=The World Factbook – Middle East: West Bank| publisher=Central Intelligence Agency| date=25 February 2016| access-date=23 March 2016| deadurl=no| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506164505/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/we.html| archivedate=6 May 2014| df=dmy-all}} 3. ^Cunningham, Erin. Ancient Gaza Roadway Still a Vital Resource/ The National. 2010-03-10. 4. ^Doughty and El Aydi, 1995, p. 13 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Karsh|first1=Efraim|title=Israel: the First Hundred Years: Volume II: From War to Peace?|date=2013|page=216}} 6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/world/article/an_intifada_casualty_named_atarot_20010323| title=An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot |first=Larry |last=Derfner| publisher=The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles| date=2001-01-23| accessdate=2007-11-07}} 7. ^The History of the Terminal. Israel Airports Authority 8. ^Exits of Palestinians to Israel and the West Bank via Erez Crossing. Gisha, January 2016 9. ^Gaza Crossings’ Operations Status: Monthly Update {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729205016/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/GAZA_CROSSINGS_OPERATIONS_STATUS_January_2016.pdf |date=2016-07-29 }}, OCHA oPt, February 2016. Source here {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311151101/http://gaza.ochaopt.org/2016/02/gaza-crossings-operations-status-monthly-update-july-2015/ |date=2016-03-11 }} 10. ^http://israel_history.enacademic.com/523/Karni_Crossing 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/Hamesh/0920.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-07-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527081953/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/Hamesh/0920.htm |archivedate=2011-05-27 |df= }} 1 : Transport in the State of Palestine |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。