| 词条 | Transport in the United Arab Emirates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
This article covers the various forms of transport in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), by road, rail, air, water, etc. {{TOC limit|3}}RoadsThe United Arab Emirates have an extensive and well-developed road network, principally in the northern coastal area where the main population centres are located. Many of these roads have been improved to become multi-lane dual-carriageway motorways, coping with the high demand for road transportation. Speed limits are {{convert|120|km/h|abbr=on}} on freeways, {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}} on rural roads, and {{convert|60|or|80|km/h|abbr=on}} on urban dual-carriageways. Heavy trucks and buses are installed with speed limiters to prevent overspeeding. List of motorways
Private vehiclesPrivate vehicles are commonly used in the country. Driving licenses are available to those who are 18 years of age and above. An extensive and modern road network connects the main coastal cities; the desert roads are less developed.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Major accidentsSix people were killed, at least 40 were injured and dozens of vehicles burned March 11, 2008 when hundreds of cars collided on a fog-shrouded Abu Dhabi–Dubai highway.[1] Taxi servicesTaxis services are operated by both government agencies as well as private agencies. BusesBus services were introduced in Abu Dhabi by the Emirate in 2008 with four routes which were zero fare in their pilot year.[2] At the end of 2011, bus services in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi provided more than 95 service routes with 650 buses to transport 50 million passengers in the region. In the Bus Network Plan in 2013, 14 bus routes were operated in Abu Dhabi City.[3]In Dubai, the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) operates bus services under the name DubaiBus. Buses in Sharjah are operated by Mowasalat, and in Ajman by Ajman bus. There are also buses operating between the different Emirates due to the lack of rail connectivity, although this is planned to be rectified in the near future.[4][5] Transport payment systemsFares on Abu Dhabi buses are paid by the Hafilat Card since 2015, which is a contactless smart card to be flashed when entering and exiting the bus at mini-terminals inside of the bus.[6] It is currently only available for bus travellers but will gradually be expanded into the water transport systems and the planned Abu Dhabi Metro, Etihad Rail and the Abu Dhabi Tram System. The Ojra card is used by frequent travellers. The Nol card is a contactless smart card used for Public Transport in Dubai. It is also used for payment on buses between Dubai and other cities. Rail{{main article|Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates}}The only heavy rail transport operational in the UAE is the Dubai Metro since 2009, while the Abu Dhabi Metro is under construction and Sharjah Metro planning. Etihad Rail was set up in 2009 to manage a national-level freight and passenger rail network within the country, and later to other nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council as part of Gulf Railway. The first phase of the system is complete and freight service has begun. The second phase will connect the railway to Mussafah, Khalifa and Jebel Ali ports in Dubai, and is planned to connect to the Saudi and Omani borders. In January 2016, construction of phase two was suspended for re-evaluation, while service on phase one continued. Costing approximately US$10 billion, the three-stage rail system is planned to have {{convert|1200|km|abbr=on}} of railway connecting cities in UAE and linking to other Gulf countries. Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Dubai, Sharjah, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah and Khor Fakkan will be linked by Etihad Rail when construction is completed.[7][8]In November 2014, Dubai launched the UAE's first tram network named Dubai Tram; it operates mainly in the Dubai Marina with new stations being constructed.[9] Also Dubai Trolley runs as tourist attraction since 2015. Another tram system is being planned for Sharjah and Ajman.[10] AirThe General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) started applying an advanced program in 2010 that allows the assessment of aircraft registered in foreign countries in order to ensure their safety and airworthiness.[11] In 2011, it banned all aircraft registered in Congo DR, Swaziland, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone and São Tomé and Príncipe due to their poor safety standards.[12] Airports{{main article|List of airports in the United Arab Emirates}}Dubai International Airport was the busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic in 2014.[13] Abu Dhabi International Airport is the second-largest airport in the UAE. There are 42 airports in the UAE {{as of|2013|lc=y|post=.}}[14]
Five are known {{as of|2013|lc=y|post=.}}[14] Airlines{{main article|List of airlines of the United Arab Emirates}}Emirates is the biggest national airline of the UAE and is owned by Dubai.[15] Etihad Airways is the second-largest national airline and is owned by Abu Dhabi.[16] Other airlines are flyDubai, Air Arabia and Royal Jet. Pipelines
Ports and harborsThe major ports are Khalifa Port, Zayed Port, Port of Jebel Ali, Port Rashid, Port Khalid, Port Saeed, and Container Port Khor Fakkan. Other ports include Ajman Port, Fujairah Port (a bunkering port), Das Island (tanker port), Mina' Jabal Al Dhanna, Mina Al Hemreya, Mina' Saqr, and Umm al-Qaiwain Port.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Merchant marineThe merchant marine consisted of 68 ships of 1,000 gross tonnage (GT) or over, totaling 1,107,442 GT or {{DWT|1,795,235|metric|disp=long}} in the following types (1999 est.):{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
See also{{Portal|Railways}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/11/emirates.wreck/index.html|title=Dozens of vehicles burn in massive Emirates wreck - CNN.com|website=edition.cnn.com|accessdate=4 June 2017}} {{United Arab Emirates topics}}{{Asia topic|Transport in}}{{Asia in topic|Rail transport in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Transportation In The United Arab Emirates}}2. ^{{cite news |title=All aboard for a free ride |url=http://www.thenational.ae/article/20080630/PAGETHREE/354619655 |publisher=The National |date=30 June 2008 |accessdate=2008-07-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915102917/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20080630/PAGETHREE/354619655 |archivedate=15 September 2008 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://dot.abudhabi.ae/en/info/Abu_Dhabi_Region_Bus_Services|title=Abu Dhabi Region Bus Services|website=dot.abudhabi.ae|access-date=2016-11-09}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etihadrail.ae/|title=Etihad Rail|website=Etihad Rail|accessdate=4 June 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arabiansupplychain.com/article-10819-etihad-rail-set-to-award-phase-2-of-11bn-rail-plan/|title=Etihad Rail set to award phase 2 of $11bn rail plan - ArabianSupplyChain.com|first=ASC|last=Staff|website=www.arabiansupplychain.com|accessdate=4 June 2017}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://dot.abudhabi.ae/en/mediainfo/hafilat_smart_card|title=Hafilat smart card|website=dot.abudhabi.ae|access-date=2018-11-26}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/2017-abu-dhabi-to-dubai-by-train-2013-07-03-1.512950|title=2017: Abu Dhabi to Dubai by train|last=Wam|newspaper=Emirates 24{{!}}7|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-11-09}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/energy/abu-dhabi-suspends-stage-two-etihad-rail-tendering-process|title=UAE's Etihad Rail stage two tendering process suspended - Khaleej Times|last=Haider|first=Haseeb|website=www.khaleejtimes.com|access-date=2016-11-09}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.alsufouhtram.com/|title=Dubai Tram|website=www.alsufouhtram.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-23}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/tram-in-sharjah-where-is-it-being-built-click-to-know-2015-09-03-1.602176|title=Tram in Sharjah: Where is it being built... click to know|first=Parag|last=Deulgaonkar|date=3 September 2015|publisher=|accessdate=4 June 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arabiansupplychain.com/article-3702-breaking-news-uae-bans-antonov-an-12-aircraft/#.UcaD7BZCWxI|title=Breaking News: UAE bans ANTONOV An-12 Aircraft - ArabianSupplyChain.com|first=Robeel|last=Haq|website=www.arabiansupplychain.com|accessdate=4 June 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web| title =United Arab Emirates bans Congo registered aircraft| publisher =eTN| url =http://www.eturbonews.com/14630/united-arab-emirates-bans-congo-registered-aircraft| accessdate =22 March 2011| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20120317233132/http://www.eturbonews.com/14630/united-arab-emirates-bans-congo-registered-aircraft| archivedate =17 March 2012| df =}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/11372616/Dubai-overtakes-Heathrow-to-become-worlds-busiest-airport.html|title = Dubai Overtakes Heathrow To Become World's Busiest|last = Anderson|first = Elizabeth|date = 27 January 2015|work = The Telegraph}} 14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-01-24}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Aviation/10271373.html|title=Emirates and Dnata now under ICD {{!}} GulfNews.com|date=2013-01-03|work=archive.is|access-date=2018-01-24|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130103040416/http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Aviation/10271373.html|archivedate=2013-01-03|df=}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.etihad.com/en-us/about-us/corporate-profile/|title=Corporate profile - Etihad Airways|work=Etihad Global|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}} 1 : Transport in the United Arab Emirates |
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