| 词条 | Transport Research Laboratory |
| 释义 |
|name = TRL Limited[1] |logo = TRL logo.png |logo_size = 200px |image = |image_size = |image_alt = |image_caption = |trading_name = TRL |type = Private company limited by guarantee[2] |fate = |predecessors = Road Research Laboratory (RRL), then Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)[3] |successor = |foundation = {{Start date and age|1933}}, in Harmondsworth, West Drayton, Greater London, United Kingdom as the Road Research Laboratory[2][3] |founder = |defunct = |location = Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA[1] |num_locations = |area_served = Worldwide |key_people = Rob Wallis (Chief Executive Officer)[1] |industry = Automotive transport, roads, engineering, insurance, urban environment, rail travel, motorsport[2] |products = Various transport related items, including software, legform impactors, safety certification rigs |services = Engineering, research, consultancy, testing, certification, training, software development |revenue = |operating_income = |net_income = |assets = |equity = |owner = Transport Research Foundation[2][10] |num_employees = approx. 320[2] |parent = |divisions = |subsid = TRL Academy TRL Software |homepage = {{url|TRL.co.uk}} |footnotes = }}TRL Limited, trading as TRL,[3] and colloquially known as the Transport Research Laboratory, is a fully independent private company offering a transport consultancy and research service to the public and private sector.[4] Originally established in {{Start date and age|1933}}, by the UK Government as the Road Research Laboratory (RRL), it was privatised in 1996.[4] Its motto or tagline is 'The Future of Transport'.[4] HistoryTRL was originally established in 1933 by the UK Government as the Road Research Laboratory (RRL)[5] under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), and later became the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)[4] in 1972.[5] During the Second World War, the Laboratory contributed to the war effort.[5] Among its contributions, under William Glanville, were research that aided the development of plastic armour, the bouncing bomb[5] and the Disney bomb. During governmental reorganisation in the 1970s, the TRRL moved from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to the Department of the Environment (DoE).[6] At the TRRL, Frank Blackmore developed the mini-roundabout and its associated 'priority rule',[5] which was adopted in 1975. With the encouragement of the UK Department of Transport, TRRL was instrumental in promoting cooperation with other European laboratories.[7] In 1989, TRRL's initiative to create a Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories led to its hosting of the inaugural meeting. It became an executive agency of the UK Department for Transport (DfT) in 1992, and changed its name for the last time to the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL).[5] It was privatised in 1996,[4][5] though its earlier plans in 1994 for the proposed privatisation were criticised at the time,[8] notably by former Transport Minister Barbara Castle[9][10] OperationsTRL is based in Crowthorne, Berkshire, with additional offices across the UK including Scotland, Manchester, Birmingham, Bristol, and Didcot. TRL also has offices in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Qatar, and India, and operates in 145 countries.[4][11] TRL's key areas of work include road, network and vehicle safety; traffic management; planning and control; investigations and risk management; transport infrastructure; and environmental assessment, including work on climate change, noise and air pollution.[4] The extensive Crowthorne site has been substantially scaled back, with many of the original buildings disused, creating an opportunity for redevelopment. In 2012, Bracknell Council has identified the original site as a strategic area, suitable for a new mini-town of 1,000 homes.[12] Corporate affairsTo maintain its commercial independence and impartiality, TRL is owned by the Transport Research Foundation (TRF),[13] a non-profit distributing foundation,[4] overseen by 80 sector members from the transport industry. The TRF is classed as a non-profit distributing organisation (NPDO), a form of business structure where all profits are reinvested in services or business growth, rather than being distributed to shareholders.[4][13] TRL's profits are invested in its own research programmes, selected by the TRF to enhance knowledge in critical areas such as safety, environmental impact and sustainable development.[4][13] See also{{Portal|Automobiles|Buses|Trucks|Transport|Engineering|Technology|Roads|United Kingdom}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://TRL.co.uk/news/prev/4221|title=New CEO for TRL|website=TRL.co.uk|date=2 July 2013|accessdate=17 April 2017|publisher=TRL Limited}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trl.co.uk/homepage/about_trl/our_business.htm|title=Our Business|website=TRL.co.uk|accessdate=10 July 2012|publisher=TRL Limited}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=TRL Privacy Policy|url=https://TRL.co.uk/privacy-policy|website=TRL.co.uk|publisher=TRL Limited|accessdate=17 April 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web|title=TRL - About Us - who we are|url=https://TRL.co.uk/about-us/who-we-are|website=TRL.co.uk|publisher=TRL Limited|accessdate=17 April 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=http://www.trl.co.uk/about-us/our-history |title=TRL - Our History |accessdate=2015-03-03 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825085249/http://www.trl.co.uk/about-us/our-history |archivedate=25 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.NationalArchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=18&CATLN=1&accessmethod=5&j=1|title=Department code AT|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|publisher=National Archives|date= |accessdate= }} 7. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60138-2|title=TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) – Creating the Future of Transport|journal=IATSS Research|volume=29|issue=2|pages=78–80|year=2005|last1=Kimber|first1=Rod}} 8. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ContractJournal.com/Articles/1994/03/24/30325/commons-select-committee-slams-trl-privatisation-plans.html|title=Commons Select Committee slams TRL privatisation plans|work=Contract Journal|date=24 March 1994|accessdate=2 May 2010|quote=Plans to privatise the Transport Research Laboratory have been criticised by the Commons Transport Select Committee. The MPs said they could not recommend privatisation of the TRL until there was 'much more convincing evidence that the laboratory's independence and expertise will not thereby be sacrificed'.}} 9. ^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199596/ldhansrd/vo960111/text/60111-17.htm 10. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=vBIdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=barbara+castle+trl+privatisation&source=bl&ots=aWuyrw3fQJ&sig=lMlFwu9ywtgpY4pMWNiRkz0Erqo&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjNm7DdtMfRAhVYOMAKHT4lAQYQ6AEIITAB#v=onepage&q=barbara%20castle%20trl%20privatisation&f=false 11. ^{{cite web|title=TRL International Offices|url=https://TRL.co.uk/about-us/international-offices|website=TRL.co.uk|publisher=TRL Limited|accessdate=17 April 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Crowthorne Village Action Group|url=http://www.CVAG.org.uk/dev_trl.html|website=CVAG.org.uk|publisher= |date= |accessdate=18 August 2013}} 13. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=TRL - About Us - Transport Research Foundation|url=https://TRL.co.uk/about-us/transport-research-foundation|website=TRL.co.uk|publisher=TRL Limited|accessdate=17 April 2017}} External links
11 : 1933 establishments in the United Kingdom|Government agencies established in 1933|Transport research organizations|Transport in the United Kingdom|Engineering research institutes|Laboratories in the United Kingdom|Privatised executive agencies of the United Kingdom government|Research institutes in Berkshire|Wokingham|Companies based in Berkshire|Private companies limited by guarantee of the United Kingdom |
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