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词条 Un-word of the year
释义

  1. Description

  2. History

  3. List of Un-words of the year since 1991

  4. See also

  5. References

The Un-word or Non-word of the year ({{lang-de|Unwort des Jahres}}) is an annual publication that names a German word or word group that is considered to be the year's most offensive new or recently popularized term.

Description

A German linguists' panel chooses one term that violates human rights or infringes upon Democratic principles, each year. The term may be one that discriminates against societal groups or may be euphemistic, disguising or misleading.[1] The term is usually, but not always a German term. The term is chosen from suggestions sent in by the public. The choice of the word does not depend on how many times it was suggested/ sent in, but reflects the judgement of the panel. The core of the panel consists of 4 linguists and one journalist. The un-word of the previous year is announced annually in January.[1]

History

Between 1991 and 1993, the un-word was announced by the Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache, alongside the Word of the Year. In 1994, following a row with the then German government led by Helmut Kohl, the jury led by linguist Horst Dieter Schlosser decided to become independent of any state-funded institution.[2][3]

List of Un-words of the year since 1991

In 1999, the jury chose Menschenmaterial as Un-Word of the 20th Century.

Century Un-word of the century
(German) 		Etymology
English Translation 		Explanation
20th Menschenmaterial Human Resources With this word, a human is considered a mere object. This became particulalry apparent in the First and Second World War as many people were used and expended for waging war.
Year Un-word of the year
(German) 		Etymology
English Translation 		Explanation
1991 ausländerfrei[4] free of foreigners Xenophobic, far-right slogan referring to an (ideal) community without any non-German inhabitants, which came to broad public attention during the Hoyerswerda riots
1992 ethnische Säuberung[4] ethnic cleansing Euphemism popularized during the Yugoslav Wars, referring to the elimination of unwanted ethnic or religious groups by deportation, forcible displacement, and mass murder
1993 Überfremdung[4] lit. "over-foreignization", excessive alienation Xenophobic slogan referring to the fear of the negative impact of migrants on German culture
1994 Peanuts[4] From the English word 'peanuts' Chosen to criticize the different definitions of an insignificant amount of money by bankers and average people. Hilmar Kopper, then Chairman of the Board of Deutsche Bank, had used the term to refer to a sum of DM 50 million (roughly 17 million US-$).
1995 Diätenanpassung[4] adjustment of the remuneration Euphemism used by members of the Bundestag to refer to the raising of their monetary rewards. The choice of this un-word criticizes the fact that wages for German MPs are set by the MPs themselves, rather than by an independent body.
1996 Rentnerschwemme[4] lit. "flood of senior/retired citizens" Term used in the political discussion about the social difficulties arising from population ageing. The choice criticizes the "wrong and inhumane impression", the rising number of people in need of a reasonable old-age provision would be "similar to a natural disaster".
1997 Wohlstandsmüll[4] lit. "prosperity waste" Deprecatory term coined by Helmut Maucher (then CEO of Nestlé) during an interview, referring to people who are either presumed unable or reluctant to find employment, who in his opinion would exist because of the highly developed welfare and social support systems in Germany.
1998 sozialverträgliches Frühableben[4] lit. "socially acceptable early passing" Coined by Karsten Vilmar, then head of the German Medical Association, implying that people who die early into their retirement were considered advantageous for the welfare system.
1999 Kollateralschaden[4] collateral damage Military term referring to the incidental destruction of civilian property and non-combatant casualties, which came to broad attention during the Kosovo War
2000 national befreite Zone[5] lit. "nationally liberated zone" Euphemism used by Neo-Nazi groups to refer to a region (ranging from a neighborhood to a whole county) defined by a high rate of far-right and xenophobic crimes, which are considered no-go areas by foreigners and leftists.
2001 Gotteskrieger[5] lit. "God's warriors" The glorifying synonym for Mujahideen was chosen as a reference to the Islamist terrorists responsible for the September 11 attacks who claimed to act on behalf of a higher power.
2002 Ich-AG[6] lit. "Me, Inc." One of the measures of the controversial Hartz concept (a reform of the German labor market), which allows for unemployed people to be registered as self-employed and thus eligible for public support for a start-up business. The choice of this un-word criticizes the Ich-AG as a means of artificially lowering the unemployment rate.
2003 Tätervolk[7] lit. "nation of perpetrators" The term is used by scholars to refer to a possible German collective guilt in relation to the initiation of World War II and the Holocaust. In 2003, Bundestag member Martin Hohmann gave a highly controversial speech in which he described an alleged Jewish involvement in the Russian Revolution, using the Tätervolk term in that context, implying that the term is no more applicable to the Germans than to the Jews.
2004 Humankapital[8] human capital The choice criticizes that by using this term, individuals were degraded and classified according to economically relevant quantities.
2005 Entlassungsproduktivität[9] lit. "layoff productivity" Already criticized for being inhumane by then chancellor Gerhard Schröder in 1998, the usage of this term for a surge of productivity a company may encounter after dismissing employees deemed unnecessary had even found entry into textbooks on economics.[10]
2006 freiwillige Ausreise[11] lit. "voluntary emigration" A term used in the context of rejected asylum seekers who opt for leaving Germany on their own terms rather than being formally deported. The choice of the un-word criticizes the euphemistic nature of that wording, as the emigration would not be "voluntary" after all.[12] (For a similar concept in the United States, see also: self-deportation.)
2007 Herdprämie[13] lit. "stove bonus" The term was coined by opponents of the conservative Merkel government's proposal for the introduction of a special allowance for families in which the small children are educated at home instead of sending them to a kindergarten or similar pre-school institution, alluding to the presumed old-fashioned gender role of a mother fully dedicated to the raising of her children. Initially used ironically to describe the alleged chauvinistic, retrograde measure, its meaning changed to defame any parents who keep their children at home, without discussing their actual motives.[14]
2008 notleidende Banken[15] lit. "suffering/needy banks" A wording used during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, by which banks are characterized as victims, rather than catalysts of the meltdown.[16]
2009 betriebsratsverseucht[17] lit. "contaminated by works councils" This offensive neologism (reportedly used internally by the Bauhaus management) describes a business with a strong works council, which takes care of the interests of the employees and thus presses for concessions on the employer's side.[18]
2010 alternativlos[19] without an alternative [20] {{see also>There is no alternative}}
2011 Döner-Morde[21] Döner murders A term used by police investigators to describe a series of murders of mostly Turkish shop and restaurant owners between 2000 and 2006, originally attributed to presumed links of the victims to organized crime groups. In 2011, it was revealed that, in fact, all murders were racial hate crimes committed by members of a previously unknown terrorist group called National Socialist Underground, which resulted in widespread criticism of the police for their initial determination.[22]
2012 Opfer-Abo[23] lit. "victim(ization) subscription" The term was coined by Jörg Kachelmann in the wake of a trial against him on sexual assault charges, in order to promote his perception that women had the tendency to repeatedly make false claims of crimes such as rape, to further their interests. The choice of the un-word criticizes that this term "unacceptably puts women under general suspicion of inventing sexual violence and of thus being perpetrators themselves."[24]
2013 Sozialtourismus[25] lit. "social tourism", welfare tourism Referring to foreigners in Germany allegedly leeching on the welfare system.
2014 Lügenpresse[26] lit. "liar press",[27] lying press[28] A term that was initially used in the First World War before being revived by the Nazis in the lead-up to the Second World War, and which has since been revived by the Pegida movement to describe media outlets that they believe to have been infiltrated by left-wing influences and therefore to be spreading lies about the political establishment, immigration, asylum and the Pegida movement itself.
2015Gutmensch[29]"do-gooder"/"upstanding citizen"date=October 2018}}, to mock those who "do good" by supporting diversity{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}, multiculturalism{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} and refugees in Germany{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}; used to criticize what they believe to be liberals' blindness to the threats posed by foreigners in Germany{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}.
2016 Volksverräter[30] "Traitor of the people"[31] date=October 2018}} and Pegida.[31]
2017Alternative Fakten[32]"alternative facts"Obscuring and misleading expression for the attempt to establish false claims as legitimate means of public discourse.[33]
2018Anti-Abschiebe-Industrie[34] "anti-deportation industry" A term coined by Alexander Dobrindt in May 2018.

According to the jury, this term insinuates that people who provide legal assistance to rejected asylum seekers want to make money on a large scale from defending even criminal applicants for asylum.

Moreover, this expression suggests that this kind of help "produces" new asylum seekers.

See also

  • Word of the year
  • Word of the year (Germany)

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|title=Wird Pegida das "Unwort des Jahres"?|url=http://www.merkur-online.de/politik/begriff-pegida-vorschlagsliste-unwort-jahres-zr-4595014.html|accessdate=16 January 2015|work=Muenchner Merkur|date=1 January 2015}}
2. ^Official website of the linguistic jury responsible for the naming of the un-word of the year (in German)
3. ^Spiegel Online: Ein Jahr, ein (Un-)Wort! (in German)
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/index.php?id=33|title=Die Unwörter von 1991 bis 1999|publisher=Technische Universität Darmstadt|language=de}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/index.php?id=34|title=Die Unwörter von 2000 bis 2009|publisher=Technische Universität Darmstadt|language=de}}
6. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 12. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2002.pdf|date=2003-01-21|language=de}}
7. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 13. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2003.pdf|date=2004-01-20|language=de}}
8. ^{{cite press release|title=Unwort des Jahres 2004 gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2004.pdf|date=2005-01-18|language=de}}
9. ^{{cite press release|title=Unwort des Jahres 2005 gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2005.pdf|date=2006-01-24|language=de}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Unwort des Jahres: "Entlassungsproduktivität"|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/unwort-des-jahres-entlassungsproduktivitaet-a-396973.html|publisher=Spiegel Online|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=24 January 2006}}
11. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 16. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2006.pdf|date=2003-01-19|language=de}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Unwort des Jahres: "Freiwillige Ausreise"|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/unwort-des-jahres-freiwillige-ausreise-a-460881.html|publisher=Spiegel Online|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=19 January 2007}}
13. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 17. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2007.pdf|date=2008-01-15|language=de}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Unwort des Jahres beleidigt viele Eltern|url=https://www.welt.de/kultur/article1555921/Unwort-des-Jahres-beleidigt-viele-Eltern.html|publisher=Die Welt|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=15 January 2008}}
15. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 18. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2008.pdf|date=2009-01-20|language=de}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Sprachkritik: "Notleidende Banken" ist Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/sprachkritik-notleidende-banken-ist-unwort-des-jahres-a-602242.html|publisher=Spiegel Online|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=20 January 2009}}
17. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 19. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2009.pdf|date=2010-01-19|language=de}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Tiefpunkt in einem Baumarkt|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/sprachmuell-2009-betriebsratsverseucht-ist-unwort-des-jahres-a-672674.html|publisher=Spiegel Online|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=17 May 2010}}
19. ^{{cite press release|title=Zum 20. Mal "Unwort des Jahres" gewählt|first=Horst Dieter|last=Schlosser|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2010.pdf|date=2011-01-18|language=de}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Sprachkritik: "Alternativlos" ist das Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/sprachkritik-alternativlos-ist-das-unwort-des-jahres-a-740096.html|publisher=Spiegel Online|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=18 January 2011}}
21. ^{{cite press release|title=Unwort des Jahres 2011: Döner-Morde|first=Nina|last=Janich|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2011.pdf|date=2012-01-17|language=de}}
22. ^{{cite web|title='Kebab-Murders' called 'worst word of 2011'|url=http://www.thelocal.de/society/20120117-40165.html|publisher=The Local|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=17 January 2012}}
23. ^{{cite press release|title=Wahl des "22. Unwort des Jahres"|first=Nina|last=Janich|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2012.pdf|date=2013-01-15|language=de}}
24. ^{{cite web|title='Victim subscription' worst phrase of 2012|url=http://www.thelocal.de/society/20130115-47339.html|publisher=The Local|accessdate=2 July 2013|date=15 January 2013}}
25. ^{{cite press release|title=Wahl des 23. "Unwort des Jahres"|first=Nina|last=Janich|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2013.pdf|date=2014-01-14|language=de}}
26. ^{{cite press release|title=Wahl des 24. "Unworts des Jahres"|first=Nina|last=Janich|publisher=Sprachkritische Aktion Unwort des Jahres|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/2014.pdf|date=2015-01-13|language=de}}
27. ^{{cite news|author1=Erik Kirschbaum|title=Revived Nazi-era term 'Luegenpresse' is German non-word of year|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/13/us-germany-islam-protests-idUSKBN0KM21F20150113|accessdate=16 January 2015|work=Reuters|publisher=Thompson Reuters|date=13 January 2015}}
28. ^{{cite news|author1=Kate Connolly|title=Pegida: what does the German far-right movement actually stand for?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2015/jan/06/pegida-what-does-german-far-right-movement-actually-stand-for|accessdate=16 January 2015|work=The Guardian|date=6 January 2015}}
29. ^{{Cite news|title = Sprachkritik: "Gutmensch" ist Unwort des Jahres 2015|url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/-gutmensch-ist-unwort-des-jahres-1.2814403|newspaper = sueddeutsche.de|access-date = 2016-01-12|issn = 0174-4917|language = de}}
30. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/unwort-des-jahres-2016-volksverraeter-a-1129297.html |language=German |work=Der Spiegel |date=10 January 2017 |title="Volksverräter" ist das Unwort des Jahres 2016}}
31. ^1 {{cite news |title='Traitor of the people' is Germany's worst word of 2016: Here's why |work=The Local |date=10 January 2017 |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20170110/traitor-of-the-people-is-germanys-worst-word-of-2016-heres-why }}
32. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/unwort-des-jahres-2017-jury-waehlt-alternative-fakten-a-1188101.html |work=Der Spiegel |access-date = 2018-01-16|language = de| title = Sprachkritik: "Alternative Fakten" ist Unwort des Jahres 2017}}
33. ^Translated from {{Cite news|title = Das "Unwort des Jahres" 2017 heißt "alternative Fakten"|url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/news/leben/gesellschaft-das-unwort-des-jahres-2017-heisst-alternative-fakten-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-180116-99-653662|newspaper = sueddeutsche.de|access-date = 2018-01-16|language = de}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/index.php?id=112|title=Unwort des Jahres 2018|publisher=Technische Universität Darmstadt|language=de|access-date=2019-02-10}}

4 : Word of the year|German language|1992 establishments in Germany|Ironic and humorous awards
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