“Upstairs cafés in Hong Kong”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Upstairs cafés are typically small businesses. These cafés are usually tiny, unadvertised, and located in unmarked buildings in Hong Kong.^[2] They are far different from the dining outlets in the streets which have high visibility.^[1] Therefore, it is difficult for people to know the existence of these upstairs cafés.^[8] People in Hong Kong usually visit the cafés based on recommendations from their friends, magazine articles, catering guide websites, or online blogs and forums.^[2]

Reasons for existence

Firstly, as Hong Kong is facing a land shortage, retail rents in Hong Kong keep rising. According to property consultant CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), Hong Kong placed second with an average rent of US$1,695 per square foot per year in the report on global retail rents in the third quarter of 2011.^[9] Entrepreneurs of upstairs cafés choose the upstairs locations to avoid the high rents charged for ground-floor spaces.

Also, Hong Kong is a small and densely populated city. There are limited public spaces for people to gather with their friends.^[10] Even in these, it can be very difficult to find a nice place sit down and enjoy a cup of coffee without paying too much. This is why upstairs cafes are popular in Hong Kong. They provide a cozy environment for people to relax, often where people are able to chat with their friends without any time limit.

Lastly, upstairs cafés often have unique marketing strategies to fight against chain competitors, such as Starbucks and Pacific Coffee Company, in Hong Kong.^[1] Many upstairs cafes have their own themes to make themselves stand out from the others and remain competitive so that their business can survive.

Relation to Hong Kong youth culture

Upstairs cafés are one of the common leisure spots for youngsters in Hong Kong. Their popularity comes from the uniqueness of different cafés.^[1] They usually have specific thematic concepts, some of them providing board games for customers, and some others lending books to customers.^[1] The wide variety of upstairs cafés has attracted many teenagers to pay a visit.

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, youngsters in this stage are in search of identity and looking to stand out from others. One way would be visiting these uncommon places.

Moreover, these upstairs cafés also provide business opportunities for young entrepreneurs. Upstairs cafes can be a platform for youngsters to showcase their creativity and talents as they compete by using different strategies to draw attention from customers.^[11]

"Lazy" is one of the traits that media loves to use when describing Hong Kong’s "post 90s",^[12] which is youngsters born after the year of 1990. One of the claimed reasons is that they enjoy doing nothing. The popping up of more cafés in Hong Kong is partially related to this phenomenon, as youngsters in Hong Kong would rather spend hours in these upstairs cafés chatting with friends, rather than go for a hike on a sunny day.

Besides, youngsters in Hong Kong are often living in packed houses, due to the overloaded population and lack of housing in Hong Kong. So these upstairs cafés also provide a common area for friend gatherings since crowded houses in Hong Kong may not be suitable for group of friends to play together.^[13]

Unlicensed upstairs cafés

There are a lot of upstairs cafes that are unlicensed.^[14] According to the " Food Business Regulation", unlicensed operation of a restaurant is subjected to a maximum fine of $50,000 and imprisonment for six months. However, since most of the upstairs café are located in the upstairs, which might locate in some hidden places, it is difficult for the government to find out.^[15]

The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department only has 200 inspectors who are responsible for inspecting the restaurants. Without receiving any complaints, it is difficult to uncover unlicensed cafés located in different buildings and different district. Without licenses, a lot of safety problems may arise.^[16]

For instance, food hygiene problems, lacking of fire escape exits, problems of building structure etc. In addition, the quality of food and the hygiene of the environment may not be guaranteed.^[17] One of the examples is that some of the unlicensed cafés will allow people to smoke inside the café, which pollute the air quality and violate the law. These cafés may have their own "spy" to check whether there are any inspectors. Therefore, once when one was reported to the Tobacco Control Office, the inspectors could not find anyone who violated the law. These problems often arise in the unlicensed upstairs café in Hong Kong, which affect people’s health and safety.

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵"Hong Kong’s Hidden Cafés". (https://blogs.wsj.com/hong-kong/2011/02/20/hong-kongs-hidden-cafes/) The Wall Street Journal. 20 February 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2015.
2. ^¹²"All The Rage in Hong Kong". (http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f49b59ea-929a-11d9-bca5-00000e2511c8.html#axzz3Uhg9vcf6) The Financial Times. 12 March 2005. Retrieved on 13 March 2015.
3. ^"Hong Kong Restaurant Search : upstairs cafe | OpenRice Hong Kong". (http://www.openrice.com/en/hongkong/restaurant/sr1.htm?tc=sr1quick&s=1®ion=0&inputstrwhat=upstairs+cafe&inputstrwhere=) OpenRice. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
4. ^"Dog, cat and manga cafes: 5 of Hong Kong's quirkiest upstairs eateries". (http://www.scmp.com/magazines/48hrs/article/1740269/five-quirky-upstairs-cafes-let-you-indulge-your-passions) South China Morning Post. 19 March 2015. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
5. ^"樓上cafe靠食腦「棋」開得勝".(http://www.eduplus.com.hk/leisure/article_detail.jsp?article_id=4857&article_catid=133&course_catid=7) EDUplus.com.hk. 5 March 2010. Retrieved on 14 March 2015.
6. ^"好友每人夾百零蚊包場　樓上派對好鬼盞".(http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/culture/art/20021209/2991475) Apple Daily. 9 December 2002. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
7. ^"樓上Cafe Party 包場包房資訊平台 | Cafe Map". (http://cafemap.hk/) Cafe Map. Retrieved on 19 March 2015
8. ^"旺區「銀座式食廈」爆紅".https://zh-cn.facebook.com/imoneymagazine/photos/a.148578016968.116747.121673226968/10152538631136969/?type=1 iMoney 智富雜誌. 15 December 2014. Retrieved on 14 March 2015.
9. ^"HK now second for shop rents".(http://www.scmp.com/article/985617/hk-now-second-shop-rents) South China Morning Post. 22 November 2011. Retrieved on 21 March 2015.
10. ^"Hong Kong / No Space for Gathering". (http://fac.arch.hku.hk/asian-cities-research/hong-kong-no-space-for-gathering/) Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong. 17 December 2014. Retrieved on 21 March 2015.
11. ^"半年轉虧為盈樓上Cafe變創業基地".(http://www.skypost.hk/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F/%E8%B2%A1%E7%B6%93/20121008/003/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%89%E8%99%A7%E7%82%BA%E7%9B%88%20%E6%A8%93%E4%B8%8ACafe%E8%AE%8A%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0/37447) Sky Post. 8 October 2012. Retrieved on 17 March 2015.
12. ^"Q. and A.: Ruby Yang on Hong Kong Youth and Identity".(http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/16/q-and-a-ruby-yang-on-hong-kong-youth-and-identity/) Sinosphere. 16 October 2014. Retrieved on 20 March 2015.
13. ^"Crowded Hong Kong Apartments Photographed From Above".(http://www.amusingplanet.com/2013/02/crowded-hong-kong-apartments.html) Amusing Planet. 25 February 2013. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
14. ^"樓上食肆涉無牌經營".(http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20060717/6132971) Apple Daily. 7 July 2006. Retrieved on 20 March 2015.
15. ^"全港約有60間樓上咖啡店無牌經營".(http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/4/11/18/n721143.htm) 大紀元. 17 November 2004. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
16. ^"銅鑼灣樓上食店無牌經營".(http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20041121/4455103)Apple Daily. 21 November 2004. Retrieved on 19 March 2015.
17. ^"太陽透視鏡：樓上Cafe違規多食署控煙辦失職".(http://www.the-sun.oriental.com.hk/cnt/news/20130620/00410_010.html)The Sun. 20 June 2013. Retrieved on 18 March 2015.