词条 | USS Gabrielle Giffords | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Construction on Gabrielle Giffords began with her keel laying on 16 April 2014, at the Austal USA shipyard in Mobile, Alabama.[16] Rep. Giffords, still recovering from injuries sustained in the 2011 assassination attempt, attended the ship's keel-laying ceremony,[16][17] and with the assistance of an Austal welder, welded her initials into a plate that would become part of the ship's hull.[17] Gabrielle Giffords was launched, and then moved from her construction facility to drydock, on 26 February 2015.[18] The ship was christened in a ceremony held at the Austal USA shipyard on 13 June 2015,[2][8] and Second Lady of the United States Jill Biden served as ship sponsor at the christening.[2] The ship was delivered to the U.S. Navy on 23 December 2016,[9] and commissioned the following spring on 10 June 2017, in Galveston, Texas.[5][12] Background{{main|Independence-class littoral combat ship}}In 2002, the U.S. Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships.[19] The Navy initially ordered two trimaran hulled ships from General Dynamics, which became known as the Independence-class littoral combat ships after the first ship of the class, USS Independence.[19] Even-numbered U.S. Navy littoral combat ships are built using the Independence-class trimaran design, while odd-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the conventional hull {{sclass-|Freedom|littoral combat ship}}.[19] The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the Independence-class design.[19] On 29 December 2010, the Navy announced that it was awarding Austal USA a contract to build ten additional Independence-class littoral combat ships.[20] On 10 February 2012, Naval Secretary Ray Mabus announced that LCS-10, the fifth Independence-class ship to be built, would be named USS Gabrielle Giffords.[13][1][14] Secretary Mabus also announced that the ship's sponsor would be Roxanna Green, the mother of Christina-Taylor Green, age 9, who was killed in the Tucson shooting that wounded Giffords in January 2011.[1][14] NamingDuring the ship's naming announcement on 10 February 2012, Secretary Mabus said that the Navy had chosen to name the ship Gabrielle Giffords because Rep. Giffords' name had become "synonymous with courage" and that the congresswoman had "inspired the nation with remarkable resiliency."[14] The secretary also called the naming a tribute to Navy families, stating that Giffords was a "Navy spouse" who made efforts to support the Navy during her time in Congress.[14] Giffords is married to Captain Mark Kelly (Ret.), a former naval aviator and astronaut.[14][21] The media reported that some former military members, including retired U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps officers, were criticizing the decision to name the ship after Giffords as part of a perceived trend toward naming ships for political reasons.[15][22] Some commentators, including retired Commander Darlene Iskra (the first woman to command a U.S. Navy vessel[23]) and Robert Farley (professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce and military affairs scholar[24]), noted in response that several ships in the US Navy, including {{USS|Henry M. Jackson|SSBN-730|2}}, {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|2}}, {{USS|John C. Stennis|CVN-74|2}}, {{USS|Jimmy Carter|SSN-23|2}}, {{USS|Ronald Reagan|CVN-76|2}}, and {{USS|George Bush|CVN-77|2}} were named for prominent politicians who were still alive at the time of the naming.[23][25] Commander Iskra also wrote in a Time magazine editorial that the still-active Carl Vinson was named for a congressman responsible for barring women from combat roles in the Navy for nearly 50 years.[23] In connection with the controversy, United States Senator Roy Blunt added an amendment to the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act which required the Navy to report to Congress on how effectively it was adhering to established naming conventions.[15] The resulting report highlighted a consistent record of making "occasional exceptions" to established ship-naming conventions, beginning in 1798 when Secretary Benjamin Stoddert broke with naming convention by naming one of the original six frigates of the United States Navy as {{USS|Chesapeake|1799|6}}.[15] The report also noted that while Secretary Mabus considered honoring Giffords and other victims of the Tucson shooting by naming LCS-10 after the Arizonan city of Tucson, consistent with current naming conventions for littoral combat ships to honor U.S. cities, this was not possible because {{USS|Tucson|SSN-770|6}}, an active {{sclass-|Los Angeles|submarine}}, currently bears the name.[15] After the ship's 2015 christening, military-focused newspaper Stars and Stripes said that criticism of the ship's naming had become "muted", possibly due to recognition that the ship's naming was "by no means unprecedented."[15] Ship historyAfter commissioning, Gabrielle Giffords conducted qualification trials on her official maiden voyage from Texas to her home port of San Diego, California via the Panama Canal, arriving at Naval Base San Diego on 5 July 2017.[26][27] She has been assigned to Littoral Combat Ship Squadron One[28] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Freking |first=Kevin |title= Navy names ship for former congresswoman Giffords |url=https://news.yahoo.com/navy-names-ship-former-congresswoman-giffords-202942575.html |date=10 February 2012 | agency=Associated Press |work=Yahoo! News |accessdate=23 May 2015}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2015/06/13/navy-ship-uss-gabrielle-giffords-christened/71186248/ |title=Navy ship christened for former Arizona Rep. Giffords |work=The Arizona Republic |date=13 June 2015 |accessdate=27 September 2015 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url={{NVR url|id=LCS10}}|title=Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10)|publisher=Naval Vessel Register|accessdate=30 June 2015}} 4. ^{{CRS | article = Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress | url = http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL33741.pdf}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|author1=Steven Romo|title=USS Gabrielle Giffords commissioned in Galveston|url=http://abc13.com/society/uss-gabrielle-giffords-commissioned-in-galveston/2073177/|website=ABC 13 Eyewitness News (KTRK-TV Houston)|accessdate=10 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610184833/http://abc13.com/society/uss-gabrielle-giffords-commissioned-in-galveston/2073177/|archivedate=10 June 2017|date=10 June 2017|quote=Woodley said the $475 million ship has limited crew of about 70.|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/06/10/us/ap-us-uss-gabrielle-giffords-commissioning.html?_r=0 |title=Warship USS Gabrielle Giffords Commissioned in Texas |accessdate=11 June 2017 |publisher=New York Times |date=10 June 2017}} 7. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=85803 |title=Future USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10) Launches |author=PEO LCS Public Affairs |id=NNS150227-21 |publisher=Navy News Service |date=27 February 2015 |accessdate=23 October 2015}} 8. ^1 {{cite press release |url=http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=17329 |title=Navy Christens Littoral Combat Ship Gabrielle Giffords |date=11 June 2015 |id=NR-228-15 |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense |accessdate=11 June 2015}} 9. ^1 {{cite press release |url=http://www.navsea.navy.mil/Media/News/Article/1037642/navy-accepts-delivery-of-future-uss-gabrielle-giffords-lcs-10 |title=Navy Accepts Delivery of Future USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10) |publisher=Naval Sea Systems Command |date=23 December 2016 |accessdate=23 December 2016}} 10. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=100981|title=USS Gabrielle Giffords Commissioned in Galveston |author=Naval Surface Forces Public Affairs |id=NNS170610-01 |publisher=Navy News Service |date=10 June 2017 |accessdate=10 June 2017}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Navy to commission future USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10) on 10 June|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsus-navys-lcs-10-begins-journey-to-her-commissioning-site-5813834|website=Naval-technology.com|accessdate=10 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610190223/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsus-navys-lcs-10-begins-journey-to-her-commissioning-site-5813834|archivedate=10 June 2017|date=16 May 2017|quote=Gabrielle Giffords will join her sister LCSs in their homeport of San Diego in July and continue testing and training for future deployed operations.}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite news|author1=Juan A. Lozano|title=Warship USS Gabrielle Giffords Commissioned in Texas|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_USS_GABRIELLE_GIFFORDS_COMMISSIONING?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT|accessdate=10 June 2017|work=The Associated Press|date=10 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610191354/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_USS_GABRIELLE_GIFFORDS_COMMISSIONING?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT|archivedate=10 June 2017|quote=A new warship named after former Arizona congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, who was wounded during a deadly 2011 shooting, has been put into active service following a commissioning ceremony in Texas.}} 13. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Cavas |first=Christopher P.|title=New LCS named for Gabrielle Giffords |url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2012/02/navy-next-lcs-named-for-congresswoman-giffords-021012/ |newspaper=Navy Times |accessdate=11 February 2012 |date=11 February 2012}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |last=Martinez |first=Luis |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/02/navy-announces-uss-gabrielle-giffords/ |title=Navy Announces USS Gabrielle Giffords |work=ABC News |publisher=American Broadcasting Company |date=10 February 2012 |accessdate=27 September 2015 }} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |last=Olson |first=Wyatt |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/navy/from-hope-to-giffords-the-navy-s-long-history-of-unconventional-ship-names-1.353190 |title=From Hope to Giffords: The Navy's long history of unconventional ship names |work=Stars and Stripes |date=19 June 2015 |accessdate=23 October 2015 }} 16. ^1 {{cite press release |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=80409 |title=Keel Laid for Future USS Gabrielle Giffords |id=NNS140416-23 |author=Program Executive Office Littoral Combat Ships |publisher=Navy News Service |date=16 April 2014 |accessdate=30 October 2015 }} 17. ^1 {{cite news |last=Finch II |first=Michael |url=http://www.al.com/business/index.ssf/2014/04/gabrielle_giffords_signs_initi.html |title=Gabrielle Giffords signs initials onto future littoral combat ship bearing her name |work=AL.com |date=16 April 2014 |accessdate=2 November 2015 }} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/navy-ship-named-gabby-giffords-hits-water-ala-article-1.2130332 |title=Navy ship named for Gabby Giffords hits water in Alabama |newspaper=New York Daily News |last=Blindner |first=Rachelle |date=26 February 2015 |accessdate=23 May 2015}} 19. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4|title=US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS |publisher=US Navy |accessdate=30 October 2015}} 20. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=57917 |title=Littoral Combat Ship Contract Award Announced |author=Special from Navy Office of Information |publisher=Navy News Service |id=NNS101229-09 |date=29 December 2010 |accessdate=30 October 2015 }} 21. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/06/21/commander-mark-kelly-announces-retirement-from-nasa-navy/ |title=Commander Mark Kelly Announces Retirement From NASA, Navy |accessdate=4 July 2011 |publisher=Fox News |date=21 June 2011}} 22. ^{{cite news |last=May |first=Caroline |url=http://dailycaller.com/2012/02/14/former-military-brass-shocked-angered-over-uss-gabrielle-giffords/ |title=Former military brass 'shocked,' 'angered' over USS Gabrielle Giffords |newspaper=Daily Caller |date=14 February 2012 |accessdate=23 May 2015}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://nation.time.com/2012/02/27/more-on-ship-naming-controversies-about-the-uss-gabrielle-giffords/ | title = More on Ship-Naming Controversies: About the USS Gabrielle Giffords | publisher = Time, Inc. | last = Iskra | first = Darline | date = 27 February 2012 |accessdate=23 May 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/11112580/farleycv.htm|title=Curriculum Vitae, Dr. Robert M. Farley. Accessed 13 January 2016.|publisher=}} 25. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2012/02/uss-gabrielle-giffords-lcs-10 | title = USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS-10) | last = Farley | first = Robert | date = 10 February 2012 | accessdate =23 May 2015}} 26. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.usni.org/2017/07/06/littoral-combat-ship-uss-gabrielle-giffords-arrives-san-diego-panama-canal-transit |title=Littoral Combat Ship USS Gabrielle Giffords Arrives In San Diego After Panama Canal Transit |last=Eckstein |first=Megan |publisher=United States Naval Institute |date=6 July 2017 |accessdate=15 September 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/jul/05/uss-gabrielle-giffords-arrives-san-diego/|title= USS Gabrielle Giffords arrives in San Diego|publisher=kpbs.org|date=5 July 2017|accessdate=25 February 2018}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/lcsron1/Pages/default.aspx|title=LCS Squadron 1|publisher=public.navy.mil.|accessdate=25 February 2018}}
External links
4 : 2015 ships|Gabrielle Giffords|Independence-class littoral combat ships|United States Navy Arizona-related ships |
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