| 释义 |
- Description
- Distribution and habitat
- Ecology
- Uses
- References
- External links
{{Speciesbox
|image=VacciniumOxycoccos.jpg
|image_caption=fruit on a bed of Sphagnum rubellum
|status=G5
|status_system=TNC
|genus=Vaccinium
|species=oxycoccos
|authority=L. 1753
|synonyms_ref=[1][2]
|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets=true
|title=Synonymy
|Vaccinium oxycoccus Linnaeus
|Oxycoca vulgaris Raf.
|Oxycoccus oxycoccos (L.) MacMill.
|Oxycoccus palustris Pers.
|Oxycoccus quadripetalus Schinz & Thell.
|Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib.
|Oxycoccus vulgaris Hill
|Schollera europaea Steud.
|Schollera oxycoccos (L.) Roth
|Schollera paludosa Baumg.
|Schollera palustris Steud.
}}
}}Vaccinium oxycoccos is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known as small cranberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry,[3] or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry.[ It is widespread throughout the cool temperate northern hemisphere, including northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.[3]]DescriptionThis cranberry is a small, prostrate shrub with vine-like stems that root at the nodes. The leaves are leathery and lance-shaped, up to {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.[3] Flowers arise on nodding stalks a few centimeters tall. The corolla is white or pink and flexed backward away from the center of the flower. The fruit is a red berry which has spots when young. It measures up to {{convert|1.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide.[2][4] The plant forms associations with mycorrhizae. It mainly reproduces vegetatively.[3] Distribution and habitatVaccinium oxycoccos is a widespread and common species occurring broadly across cooler climates in the temperate northern hemisphere.[3][5][6][7][8] It is an indicator of moist to wet soils which are low in nitrogen and have a high water table. It is an indicator of coniferous swamps. It grows in bogs and fens in moist forest habitat. It grows on peat which may be saturated most of the time. The soil in bogs is acidic and low in nutrients. The plant's mycorrhizae help it obtain nutrients in this situation. Fens have somewhat less acidic soil, which is also higher in nutrients. The plant can often be found growing on hummocks of Sphagnum mosses. EcologyIn North America, other species found in this forest understory habitat include leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), bog rosemary (Andromeda glaucophylla), bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia), pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), rhodora (Rhododendron canadense), glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), sundew (Drosera spp.), cottonsedge (Eriophorum virginatum and E. angustifolium), and species of sedge and lichen. The plant easily colonizes bog habitat that has recently burned. It survives fire with its underground rhizomes.[2][3] UsesVaccinium oxycoccos has been used as a medicine and as a food by various Native American communities. Some Iñupiat cook the cranberry with fish eggs and blubber.[9][10]References1. ^{{ThePlantList}}
2. ^1 2 {{eFloras|2|242444179|Vaccinium oxycoccus |family=Ericaceae |last1=Fang |first1=Ruizheng |first2=Peter F. |last2=Steven}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{FEIS |last=Matthews |first=Robin F. |date=1992 |type=shrub |genus=Vaccinium |species=oxycoccos}}
4. ^{{eFloras|1|200016697|Vaccinium oxycoccos |family=Ericaceae |first=Sam P. |last=Vander Kloet}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Vaccinium+oxycoccos |title=Vaccinium oxycoccos |website=NatureServe}}
6. ^{{BONAP|ref|genus=Vaccinium |species=oxycoccos}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-70493-synthese |website=Tela Botanica |title=Vaccinium oxycoccos L. |language=fr}} Photos, description, French distribution map.
8. ^{{cite web |website=Schede di botanica |language=it |url=http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=vaccinium+oxycoccos |title=Vaccinium oxycoccos L.}} Photos and European distribution map.
9. ^{{cite journal |last=Jones|first=Anore |year=1983 |title=Nauriat niginaqtuat (Plants that we eat) |location=Kotzebue, Alaska |journal=Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program|page=104}} According to the brief annotation in {{harvtxt|Anonymous|2003}}.
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Vaccinium+oxycoccos |title=Search results for Vaccinium oxycoccos|work= Native American Ethnobotany |publisher= University of Michigan-Dearborn |location=Dearborn, MI |year=2003 |accessdate=15 June 2012 |last=Anonymous |ref=harv}}
}}External links- Washington Burke Museum, University of Washington
- illustration from Flora of China Illustrations vol. 14, fig. 688, 2-5
- {{PFAF}}
- {{Go Botany |genus=Vaccinium |species=oxycoccos |link=1}}
- Luontoportti, NatureGate, Isokarpalo (Vaccinium oxycoccos) description, photos, ecological and culinary information, link to distribution map for Finland
- {{NPIN|VAOX|link=1}}
- Ontario Wildflowers
{{Taxonbar|from=Q374399}} 15 : Vaccinium|Berries|Flora of Northern Europe|Flora of temperate Asia|Flora of Subarctic America|Flora of Canada|Flora of the Northeastern United States|Flora of the Northwestern United States|Flora of Alaska|Flora of the Appalachian Mountains|Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Edible plants|Inuit cuisine |