“Trident Studios”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Trident Studios was a British recording facility, located at 17 St. Anne's Court in London's Soho district between 1968 and 1981. It was constructed in 1967 by Norman Sheffield, a drummer of former 1960s group the Hunters, and his brother Barry.

"My Name is Jack" by Manfred Mann was recorded at Trident in March 1968, and helped launch the studio's reputation. Some well-known albums and singles recorded at Trident include The Beatles' White Album (some recording was also done at Abbey Road Studios) as well as their single "Hey Jude", Elton John's "Candle in the Wind", David Bowie's The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust, and Queen's albums Queen, Queen II and Sheer Heart Attack.

Other artists recorded at Trident included the Bee Gees, Carly Simon, Chris de Burgh, Frank Zappa, Genesis, Brand X, James Taylor, Joan Armatrading, Joe Cocker, Kiss, Tygers of Pan Tang, Lou Reed, Peter Gabriel, Marc Almond, Marc and the Mambas, Soft Cell, The Rolling Stones, Thin Lizzy, Tina Turner, T-Rex, Van der Graaf Generator, Yes and John Entwistle.

The Sheffield brothers had a relaxed working attitude, but also emphasised high standards of audio engineering.^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}} The studio's state-of-the-art recording equipment helped attract many major artists to record there.

The Beatles and Apple Records

In mid-1968, Trident Studios were among the first in the UK to use Dolby noise reduction, and employ an eight-track reel to reel recording deck.

While Abbey Road Studios still only used four-track at the time, Trident's Ampex eight-track machine drew The Beatles on 31 July 1968 to record their single "Hey Jude". Paul McCartney later said about recording the track at Trident: "Words cannot describe the pleasure of listening back to the final mix of 'Hey Jude' on four giant Tannoy speakers which dwarfed everything else in the room ..."^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}} The White Album tracks "Dear Prudence", "Honey Pie", "Savoy Truffle" and "Martha My Dear" were also recorded there, and on 22 February 1969, the Beatles first recorded "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album Abbey Road. John Lennon and Yoko Ono later returned with the Plastic Ono Band to record "Cold Turkey" featuring Eric Clapton on lead guitar.

Many Apple Records artists used Trident Studios, including Badfinger, Billy Preston, Mary Hopkin, and James Taylor. Part of George Harrison's triple album All Things Must Pass, containing the hit "My Sweet Lord", and Ringo Starr's "It Don't Come Easy", were also recorded there. Harry Nilsson recorded "Without You" at Trident, and portions of several of his 1970s albums.

Queen

The history of the Sheffield brothers and Trident Studios is also linked to the early discovery and success of the band Queen. In 1972, Trident Studios started two record production companies, one of which (Neptune Productions) initially signed three artists, Mark Ashton, Eugene Wallace and Queen. The agreements with the artists were for recording and publishing, but Queen had no management, so they insisted that Trident also take on that responsibility. Trident, initially reluctant, eventually agreed and Queen signed an agreement with Trident Recording, Publishing and Management, on 1 November 1972.

The Management at the time claimed the deal allowed the band full access to the studio's cutting edge facilities, and supported them by providing the best producers and engineers - so long as the foundations of the band's first album Queen were recorded 'off peak'^[2]. Roger Taylor later quoted these early off-peak studio hours as "gold dust".^[2]

After the album was completed the Sheffield brothers had great difficulty finding a record label to take on the album and release it.^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}} Finally, eight months later, the brothers decided to take on the risk and fund the release themselves and Queen released their self-titled first album under the Trident label in a license deal with EMI in the UK and Elektra in the US. Trident subsequently released Queen II, Sheer Heart Attack and A Night at the Opera under this same arrangement. After the band left Trident, they signed directly with EMI and Elektra.

David Bowie, Elton John and others

In March 1968, Manfred Mann recorded Trident's first number one at the studio, the single "My Name is Jack". From 1968-1981, some of the most reputed artists used the studios for their recordings, including David Bowie, Elton John, Marc Bolan/T.Rex, Carly Simon, Frank Zappa, The Rolling Stones, Free, Genesis, Lou Reed, Joan Armatrading, Black Sabbath, Lindisfarne, Dusty Springfield, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, Krisma, Jeff Beck/Rod Stewart and other artists. Elton John's "Your Song" and Carly Simon's "You're So Vain" were both engineered at Trident by Robin Geoffrey Cable, who later went on to produce two albums for The Dickies.

This period coincided with the incorporation of a young engineer called Ken Scott, a veteran of Abbey Road Studios, who Trident hired and went on to become one of the most reputed engineers and producers in the history of rock music,{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} with his involvement in David Bowie's albums Hunky Dory (1971) and The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust (1972). Scott later gained an international reputation with numerous works, including Supertramp's Crime of the Century (1974), Lou Reed's Transformer (1972), Dixie Dregs' What If (1978), Devo's Duty Now for the Future (1980) and Jeff Beck's There and Back (1980).

Tony Stratton-Smith's Charisma Records was also one of the most regular clients of the studios during the 1970s. Genesis recorded at Trident several of their most renowned albums there, including Trespass (1970), Nursery Cryme (1971) and A Trick of the Tail (1976). The Jazz Fusion Band Brand X recorded their debut studio album Unorthodox Behaviour here (1976). Other artists from the label who recorded at Trident were Van der Graaf Generator, Peter Hammill, Lindisfarne and Peter Gabriel. Charisma's first Van der Graaf Generator release, The Least We Can Do Is Wave to Each Other, was recorded at Trident from 11 to 14 December 1969. Most of the album was recorded on 8 tracks, but the last song, "After the Flood", was recorded on 16. Trident was yet again among the first studios in the UK to obtain a 16-track machine.^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}}

The Trident 'A' Range console

The Trident A Range consoles were originally built by and for Trident Studios. Other studios placed their orders and Trident Audio Developments was formed. Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles was one of the early recipients of one of the first production models, and ultimately purchased three new from Trident and one from a broker at a later time.^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}} David Bowie, Rod Stewart, and Frank Sinatra are among the early artists who first recorded hit records on Cherokee’s first 'A' Range console.

"Though it had a very limited run, the Trident A Range console gained a reputation for its very distinct and pleasant sound with a very "musical" EQ section. Along with channel strips from early Neve and Helios consoles, original Trident A Range modules have kept a healthy resale value and are much sought after by engineers who like to combine old-school analogue gear with cutting-edge digital recording technology."^[3]

Studio piano

Trident also gained a reputation for the sound of its piano, which can be heard on The Beatles' "Hey Jude", Elton John's "Your Song", Queen's "Killer Queen" and many other tracks. It was a handmade C. Bechstein concert-sized instrument that was over one hundred years old.^[1]{{page needed|date=June 2014}}

Later history

Trident Studios was sold in December 1981. It was bought by its senior engineer, Stephen Short, along with three other investors. In 1986, Short bought out the other investors and opened Trident 2 which was opened in 1983 and the investors were J.P. Illiesco and Rusty Egan. There were also another group of producers and investors who tried to buy Trident in the 80's after its initial closure headed by Neville Kernick-Nixon, Flood and John Keating, the former then opened The Mad House later known as The Music Station.^[4]

The original Trident mixing desk also survived, and was purchased in the early 1980's from the Trident Studio owners by songwriter and former The Cure bassist Phil Thornalley and is now housed in Thornalley's own recording studio, Swamp Studios in Northwest London. The Swamp is actually based around the Trident Tri‑mix desk.^[5]

The current residing business, Trident Sound Studios Ltd, opened in 1993 and specializes in voiceover and ADR work. Although not related to the original Trident Studios, it was named in recognition of the original facility.

Sheffield together with two of his sons and a former sound engineer from Trident continued to work within the music industry and assisted in the development of a mobile music app named "Trackd" which allows musicians to record collaboratively directly on a mobile device using an 8-Track mixer and also allows the apps' musicians to promote their music to a worldwide using the app platform promoted through app stores. The App has been downloaded over a quarter of a million times to date and won awards for its innovation to music technology.

In July 2013, Norman Sheffield launched his autobiography, titled Life on Two Legs, which included accounts of many of the recordings made at Trident Studios.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

Blue Plaque Honour

On 15 June 2017, a British Plaque Trust permanent blue plaque was unveiled outside the Trident Studios building at 17 St. Annes Court, London in the recognition of the multiple David Bowie albums recorded there.^[6]

Partial discography

The following is a partial list of work either recorded, mixed or mastered at Trident Studios between 1968 and 1981, taken from the timeline on the Trident Studios official website and edited.

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book|title=Life on Two Legs|first=Norman|last=Sheffield|isbn=978-0957513303|year=2013}}
2. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06s76l4|title=Queen: From Rags to Rhapsody - BBC Four|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-05-09}}
3. ^Mix Magazine, 1 July 2001
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://pingpongmusic.com/history|title=Ping Pong Music |publisher=Ping Pong Music |date=2013-01-30 |accessdate=2013-03-02}}
5. ^ The Swamp is still based around the Trident Tri‑mix desk Thornalley bought in the early '80s (retrieved 2 July 2018):https://www.soundonsound.com/people/phil-thornalley-torn
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/7f78803d-e6ae-469a-9e44-a243634a80db|title=BBC Music - Blue Plaques celebrating your local music legends - revealed!|access-date=2017-06-14}}
7. ^{{cite web|author=John Patuto |url=http://cygnus-x1.net/links/rush/albums-permanentwaves.php |title=Rush: Permanent Waves - Album Lyrics and Liner Notes |website=Cygnus-x1.net |date= |accessdate=2016-06-27}}

External links