Valkov ({{lang-bg|Вълков}}, {{lang-ru|Вальков}}) is a Slavic masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Valkova or Válková. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleksandr Valkov (born 1986), Russian football player
• Diyan Valkov (born 1993), Bulgarian football player
• Helena Válková (born 1951), Czech politician
• Jitka Válková, Czech beauty pageant contestant
• Katerina Valková (born 1996), Czech volleyball player
• Konstantin Valkov (born 1971), Russian cosmonaut
• Stanimir Dimov-Valkov (born 1978), Bulgarian football player
• Vasily Valkov (1904–1972), Soviet ambassador
• Zuzana Valkova (born 1989), Czech group rhythmic gymnast

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