“Vanda falcata”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vanda falcata, the wind orchid^[1], is a species of orchid found in China, Korea, and Japan. It was formerly classified in the genus Neofinetia.

Named cultivars selected for characteristics including variegation, flower color or form, and vegetative form are often referred to as 富貴蘭 (fūkiran) in Japan.

Description

Plants are 8–12 cm tall on monopodial stems of 1–6 cm. There are usually between 4 and 20 narrowly oblong-falcate (hence the epithet) leaves of 5–12 cm. that are leathery and sheathed at the base. The inflorescence, including flowers, is 5–8 cm. long, suberect, and carries as few as two, and as many as 10 fragrant, white flowers, each with a characteristic curved spur. 2n = 38.^[2]

Ecology

V. falcata usually grows as an epiphyte on the branches and trunks of deciduous trees. Numerous whitish roots grow from the base of the plant, anchoring it to its host and collecting nutrients washed down from above. These roots are accustomed to excellent air movement. An adult in an optimal situation will produce numerous offsets.

Within V. falcatas range summer temperatures average 26–31 °C. during the day and 18–23 °C. at night. Average humidity is 80–85% in summer, and about 75% during the rest of the seasons. Plants receive heaviest rainfall during East Asian rainy season: June and July in southern Japan. Blooming time is usually synchronized with the monsoon, although plants may very occasionally bloom as late as December.^[3]

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

The type species was introduced to the West from Japan by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1784, and named Orchis falcata. For the next hundred years and more, the species was renamed and moved in and out of many of the Asian sarcanthoid genera. Finally, in 1925 H. H. Hu created Neofinetia as a monotypic genus.

History of Cultivation

The first documented records of V. falcata appear during the Kanbun era (1661-1673) Japan, later reaching a peak in popularity during the middle of the Edo period with a marked increase in the number of cultivated varieties. At this time, because the numerous cultivated varieties of the species was primarily enjoyed by the daimyō and other citizens of “wealth and rank” (富貴, fūki), the cultivated varieties were given the new name of fūkiran (富貴蘭).^[4]

Culture

V. falcata is a warm to cool grower. Plants may be mounted on slabs of cork or tree-fern fiber. In Japan, the custom is to grow them on a raised mound of sphagnum moss. The plants benefit from a cool, bright winter rest, and frequent watering when in growth.

Hybrids

Notes

1. ^Mutant Flower Morphologies in the Wind Orchid, a Novel Orchid Model Species. Sascha Duttke, Nicholas Zoulias, Minsung Kim, Plant Physiology, {{doi|10.1104/pp.111.191643}}
2. ^{{cite journal |title=178. NEOFINETIA |url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF25/Neofinetia.pdf |journal=Flora of China |volume=25 |pages=483–484 |year=2009 |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Baker|first=Charles & Margaret|title=Neofinetia falcata culture sheet|url=http://www.orchidculture.com/COD/FREE/FS344.html|work=Orchid Species Culture|accessdate=18 February 2012}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=Art of Tradition & Evolution: Fukiran|year=2014|publisher=Tochinoha-Shobo|location=Japan|ISBN=978-4-88616-310-3|page=6}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/registerpages/orchidsearch.asp |title=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2004-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027143915/http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/registerpages/orchidsearch.asp |archive-date=2004-10-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }}