| 词条 | Tripoli, Greece | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Tripoli |name_local = Τρίπολη |image_map = 2011 Dimos Tripolis.png |periph = Peloponnese |periphunit = Arcadia |pop_municipality = 47254 |area_municipality = 1475.8 |pop_municunit = 33785 |area_municunit = 119.3 |pop_community = 30912 |image_skyline = TripoliGreece7.jpg |caption_skyline = Central square with the Court House, designed by Ernst Ziller |population_as_of = 2011 |elevation = 655 |coordinates = {{coord|37|31|N|22|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 221 00 |area_code = 2710 |licence = ΤΡ |mayor = Dimitris Paulis |website = www.tripolis.gr |city_flag = |city_seal = |districts = |party = |since = |elevation_min = |elevation_max = }} Tripoli ({{lang-el|Τρίπολη}}, Trípoli, formerly {{lang|el|Τρίπολις}}, Trípolis; earlier {{lang|el|Τριπολιτσά}} Tripolitsá) is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the capital of the Peloponnese region as well as of the regional unit of Arcadia. The homonym municipality has around 47,000 inhabitants. EtymologyIn the Middle Ages the place was known as Drobolitsa, Droboltsá, or Dorboglitza, either from the Greek Hydropolitsa, 'Water City' or perhaps from the South Slavic for 'Plain of Oaks'.[1][2] The association made by 18th- and 19th-century scholars with the idea of the "three cities" (Τρίπολις, τρεις πόλεις "three cities": variously Callia, Dipoena and Nonacris, mentioned by Pausanias without geographical context,[3] or Tegea, Mantineia and Pallantium, or Mouchli, Tegea and Mantineia[4] or Nestani, Mouchli and Thana), were considered paretymologies by G.C. Miles.[5] An Italian geographical atlas of 1687[6] notes the fort of Goriza e Mandi et Dorbogliza; a subsequent Italian geographical dictionary of 1827 attributes the name Dorbogliza to the ruins of Mantineia (Mandi) and states that it is located north of Tripolizza.[7] The Ottoman Turks referred to the town and the district as Tripoliçe. HistoryIn spring 1770 during a Greek uprising known as Orlov Revolt, the revolutionary armies were halted out of Tripolitsa. In retaliation for the Greek uprising, Albanian mercenaries of the Ottomans slaughtered 3,000 Greeks in a few hours upon entering the city. Total massacre and destruction of the city was avoided after intervention of Osman bey, leader of the Albanian mercenaries.[8] Before the Greek War of Independence, under the Ottoman name of "Tripoliçe", it was one of the Ottoman administrative centers in the Peloponnese (the Morea Eyalet, often called "pashalik of Tripolitsa") and had large Muslim and Jewish populations. Tripolis was one of the main targets of the Greek insurgents in the Greek War of Independence, who stormed it on 17 October 1821, following the bloody Siege of Tripolitsa, and exterminated the Muslim and Jewish populations in revenge.[9][10] Ibrahim Pasha retook the city on June 22, 1825, after it had been abandoned by the Greeks. Before he evacuated the Peloponnese in early 1828, he destroyed the city and tore down its walls.[11]After the independent Greek state was established in 1830, Tripoli was rebuilt and was developed as one of the main cities of the Kingdom of Greece, serving as the capital of the Arcadia district. During the 19th and the 20th centuries the city emerged to be the administrative, economic, commercial and transportation center of central and south Peloponnese.[12] Geography and climateThe city of Tripolis has a mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). Ιt is in the center of the Peloponnese, in a broad montane basin at about 650 m in altitude and surrounded by thickly wooded mountains on all sides, the tallest and closest of which is Mount Mainalon to the northwest. The southwest of the Tripolis basin formerly consisted of wetlands which have now been drained and converted to farmland. Because of its inland location and high altitude, Tripolis has a transitional mediterranean/continental climate with hot dry summers and cold winters. Summer temperatures can exceed {{convert|38|C}} and in winter temperatures below {{convert|-10|C}} have been observed. Snow or sleet can occur several times between late October and early April. Its main plazas are aligned with the main street and with a highway linking to Pyrgos and Patras. One of them is named Kennedy, the other is named Georgiou B' (George II). The southern part has its main street named Washington. The main section of the city is enclosed around the castle walls that were built during the Ottoman occupation of Greece. An industrial park has been built in the southwest. {{Weather box|location=Tripolis |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 20.4 |Feb record high C = 24.2 |Mar record high C = 25.4 |Apr record high C = 29.8 |May record high C = 36.6 |Jun record high C = 39.8 |Jul record high C = 42.2 |Aug record high C = 39.8 |Sep record high C = 35.4 |Oct record high C = 33.8 |Nov record high C = 26.8 |Dec record high C = 22.6 |year record high C = 42.2 |Jan high C= 9.4 |Feb high C= 10.3 |Mar high C= 13.0 |Apr high C= 17.3 |May high C= 22.7 |Jun high C= 27.6 |Jul high C= 30.1 |Aug high C= 29.9 |Sep high C= 26.5 |Oct high C= 20.3 |Nov high C= 15.5 |Dec high C= 11.1 |Year high C= |Jan mean C= 5.1 |Feb mean C= 5.7 |Mar mean C= 8.0 |Apr mean C= 11.9 |May mean C= 17.0 |Jun mean C= 21.9 |Jul mean C= 24.5 |Aug mean C= 23.9 |Sep mean C= 20.1 |Oct mean C= 14.4 |Nov mean C= 10.0 |Dec mean C= 6.7 |Year mean C= |Jan low C= 0.9 |Feb low C= 1.4 |Mar low C= 2.6 |Apr low C= 5.1 |May low C= 8.2 |Jun low C= 11.9 |Jul low C= 14.3 |Aug low C= 14.4 |Sep low C= 11.7 |Oct low C= 8.2 |Nov low C= 5.0 |Dec low C= 2.7 |Year low C= |Jan record low C =-17.0 |Feb record low C =-15.8 |Mar record low C =-16.0 |Apr record low C =-4.0 |May record low C =-0.2 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 7.6 |Aug record low C = 7.8 |Sep record low C = 0.4 |Oct record low C =-2.6 |Nov record low C =-5.8 |Dec record low C =-11.0 |year record low C =-17.0 |Jan precipitation mm= 119.2 |Feb precipitation mm= 100.4 |Mar precipitation mm= 72.3 |Apr precipitation mm= 59.2 |May precipitation mm= 35.4 |Jun precipitation mm= 24.8 |Jul precipitation mm= 18.9 |Aug precipitation mm= 15.6 |Sep precipitation mm= 24.7 |Oct precipitation mm= 78.6 |Nov precipitation mm= 114.0 |Dec precipitation mm= 147.7 |year precipitation mm= |Jan precipitation days= 13.7 |Feb precipitation days= 12.8 |Mar precipitation days= 12.5 |Apr precipitation days= 11.5 |May precipitation days= 9.2 |Jun precipitation days= 6.1 |Jul precipitation days= 4.0 |Aug precipitation days= 3.3 |Sep precipitation days= 4.8 |Oct precipitation days= 9.8 |Nov precipitation days= 11.9 |Dec precipitation days= 15.6 |unit precipitation days= |Jan humidity = 76.1 |Feb humidity = 74.4 |Mar humidity = 69.3 |Apr humidity = 62.5 |May humidity = 57.0 |Jun humidity = 47.4 |Jul humidity = 44.1 |Aug humidity = 45.9 |Sep humidity = 54.5 |Oct humidity = 75.4 |Nov humidity = 77.4 |Dec humidity = 77.5 |year humidity = |source 1 = Hellenic National Meteorological Service[13] | date=January 2019} }} MunicipalityThe municipality of Tripoli was formed at the 2011 local government reform by merging these 8 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[14]
The municipality has an area of 1,475.805 km2, the municipal unit 119.287 km2.[15] SubdivisionsThe municipal unit of Tripoli is subdivided into these communities:
EducationTripoli is the seat of the recently founded University of the Peloponnese with two departments of the Sciences and Technology School and one department of the Economics and Administration School. TransportationBecause it is at the centre of the Peloponnese, Tripolis is a transportation hub. Corinth is {{convert|75|km|0|abbr=off}} NE, Pyrgos {{convert|145|km|0|abbr=out}} E, Patras {{convert|144|km|0|abbr=on}} NW, Kalamata {{convert|65|km|0|abbr=on}} SW, and Sparti {{convert|60|km|0|abbr=on}} S. Tripoli is mainly accessed from Athens and the rest of Greece through the Corinth-Tripoli-Kalamata motorway, known as the Moreas Motorway (A7). An alternative route is the GR-7 which used to be the main highway to Tripoli before the construction of the motorway. The city is also accessed by GR-74 and GR-76 from Pyrgos and by GR-39 from Sparta. Tripoli is served by the metre gauge railway line from Corinth to Kalamata of the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE). The line was renovated and passenger services to Árgos and Corinth, which had been suspended for a few years, were reinstated in 2009. However, in December 2010 services ceased again due to the general suspension of railway services in the Peloponnese. MilitaryTripoli is home to the two largest Armed Forces bootcamp centers of Greece, one for the Hellenic Army and one for the Hellenic Air Force
SportsTripoli hosts three sport clubs with presence in the higher national divisions in Greek football and basketball. These clubs are shown below.
In popular cultureThe Siege of Tripolitsa was made famous in the folk (Δημοτικό) song "40 παλικάρια από την Λιβαδειά" (Forty lads from Libadeia)[17] Historical population
Notable people
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}Twin towns — sister citiesTripoli, Greece is twinned with:
GalleryReferences1. ^R. M. Dawkins, The Place-names of Later Greece, in Transactions of the Philological Society, November 1933, p. 19–20 2. ^George C. Miles, The Athenian Agora, vol. 9, 1962, p 12 (Miles considers "Hydropolitsa" a popularization) 3. ^Description of Greece, Arcadia, 8.27.4 4. ^Leake, Travels in the Morea, Volume 2 5. ^George C. Miles, The Athenian Agora vol.9, 1962, p 12 6. ^La Morea, 1687, Marescotti 7. ^Nuovo Dizionario Geografico Universale, Cavagna Sanguliani, 1827, page 827 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Nikolaou| first1=Georgios|title=Islamisations et Christianisations dans le Peloponnese (1715- 1832)| journal=didaktorika.gr| date=1997|page=181|doi=10.12681/eadd/8139|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/8139|accessdate=12 December 2015|publisher=Universite des Sciences Humaines - Strasbourg II|quote=Les Albanais, qui avaient pris l'initiative des opérations, sont entrés à Tripolitsa, ont massacre les habitants et se sont adonnés au pillage. On évalue qu'en l'espace de quelques heures seulement 3.000 Grecs furent tués. Grâce à l'intervention du chef des Albanais Osman bey, l'extermination et la dévastation ne furent pas totales.}} 9. ^Nevill Forbes, et al., The Balkans (full text) 10. ^Theodoros Kolokotronis, Apomnimoneumata 11. ^John Hartley, Researches in Greece and the Levant, p 341 12. ^http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/tripoli 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.emy.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Peloponnese&poli=Tripoli | title=Mean Tripolis Climatic Averages | publisher=Hellenic National Meteorological Service | accessdate=30 January 2019}} 14. ^Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 |df= }} 16. ^Football League (Greece)#Beta Ethniki 17. ^ External links
|Centre = Tripoli (community) |North = Mantineia |Northeast = |East = Korythio |Southeast = Tegea |South = |Southwest = Valtetsi |West = Falanthos |Northwest = }}{{Kallikratis-Peloponnese}}{{Tripoli div}}{{Prefectural capitals of Greece}}{{Capitals of Peripheries of Greece}} 6 : Tripoli, Greece|Municipalities of Peloponnese (region)|Populated places in Arcadia|Greek prefectural capitals|Greek regional capitals|Military installations of Greece |
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