| 词条 | Vasile Aftenie |
| 释义 |
|name = Vasile Aftenie |image= |church = Romanian Greek Catholic Church |ordination= January 1, 1926 (Priest) |consecration = June 5, 1940 (Bishop) |consecrated_by=Alexandru Nicolescu |appointed= April 12, 1940 |ended= May 10, 1950 |successor= |birth_date = June 14, 1899 |birth_place = Lodroman, Kis-Küküllő County, Austro-Hungarian Empire |death_date = {{death date and age|1950|5|10|1899|6|14|df=y}} |death_place = Văcăreşti Monastery, Bucharest, Romania }}Vasile Aftenie (14 June 1899 in Lodroman, Kis-Küküllő County, Austro-Hungarian Empire - 10 May 1950 in Văcăreşti Monastery, Bucharest, Romania [1]) was a Romanian Auxiliary bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church, titular Bishop of Ulpiana, martyr of the faith and Servant of God of the Catholic Church.[2] He was beaten till his death in the communist regime's jails for refusing to abandon his Greek-Catholic faith and the United Romanian Church. His beatification will occur on 2 June 2019.[3] BiographyEarly life and educationBorn in Lodroman village on May 14, 1899, Alba County, Aftenie began his primary studies in his native village and Blaj, and high school courses at Blaj. In 1917 he was drafted by the army and was in Galicia and Italy at the front. After the end of the war in 1918, he began law school at the Faculty of Law in Bucharest, but then decided in 1919 to enroll at the Academy of Theology of Blaj, and was later sent to Rome at the Greek College of the Saint Athanasius. He took a doctorate in philosophy and theology in 1925 and then returned to Romania. CareerOn 1 January 1926 Aftenie was ordained priest by Metropolitan Vasile Suciu. One month after he became a lecturer at the Theological Academy in Blaj. Soon afterward, Aftenie was named professor at the Blaj theological academy till 1934. From 1934 to 1937 he was archpriest in Bucharest and from 1937 to 1939 Aftenie was canon of the Blaj cathedral. On 1 October 1939, he became rector of the Blaj theological academy. Aftenie on April 12, 1940 was appointed bishop by Pope Pius XII and on June 5, 1940, he was consecrated titular bishop of Ulpiana and Auxiliary bishop in the Blaj Cathedral,[4] by Metropolitan of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia Alexandru Nicolescu, and returned to Bucharest as vicar bishop at St. Basil's Church in Bucharest. His co-consecrators were Alexandru Rusu, Bishop of Maramureş, and Ioan Bălan, Bishop of Lugoj. After the death of Archbishop Nicolescu on 15 June 1941, he became Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia.[5][6][7][8][9] Arrest, torture and deathIn 1948, the new Communist regime outlawed his church, and the authorities' efforts to compromise him failed. In October 1948 Aftenie severely reprimanded the 36 former Greek-Catholic priests who had signed up for Orthodoxy and arrived from Cluj[10] to the Patriarchate of Bucharest to bring their so-called adherence to the Romanian Orthodox Church, abandoning the Romanian Church United with Rome. The delegates from Cluj were at the Capşa restaurant when Bishop Vasile Aftenie scolded them in public.[11][12] More later, many of them have confessed that they were pressed to do it.[13] Aftenie was arrested on October 28, 1948[14] on the Piața Romană,[15] just after leaving the St. Basil's church, and taken, together with the other five Greek-Catholic bishops, to Dragoslavele and since February 1949 to Căldăruşani Monastery, which had been refashioned into a prison. He refused the offer of an Orthodox metropolitanate in exchange for conversion. On 10 May 1949 he was taken to the Interior Ministry, held in isolation and tortured on the orders of General Alexandru Nikolski, a Securitate member.[16] Mutilated, crippled, mentally broken but steadfast in faith he was thrown into Văcăreşti prison, where he died on May 10, 1950.[17] It is also reported that he was shot by a Securitate officer. Because he was very tall and did not fit in the wooden box (used instead of the coffin) in which he was seated, his legs were cutted and fitted. Initially, authorities ordered the body to be burned, but Aftenie was buried in the Bellu cemetery following a service held by a Roman Catholic priest[18] from the Bucharest Bărăția and he conducted the rites in secret several days after Aftenie was buried by night under the eyes of the Securitate secret police. Another priest brought a cross permitted by the communist authorities at his grave with his initials and the year of his death several days after that written: "VA = 1950". In 1990, a white marble tombstone with a picture of the bishop was erected for him; his grave became a place of pilgrimage and is adorned with candles and flowers, he is called for help and assistance.[19][20] The beatification processSoon after, his tomb became a place of pilgrimage. Thousands of people come and pray to his grave. It is said that wonders happened here, to the prayers of the pilgrims, in response from God. Since each bishop has the right to be buried in the church he served, the bones of Bishop Vasile Aftenie were exhumed[21] in 2010, and his remains taken from Bellu cemetery to a Greek-Catholic church in Bucharest for storage on May 13, 2010, a request for his beatification having been submitted the year before.[22] On March 19, 2019, Pope Francis approved the beatification of Aftenie and six other Greek-Catholic bishops killed by the communist regime in Romania in the mid-20th century.[23] On March 25, it was announced that Pope Francis himself would beatify Aftenie and the other six bishops on 2 June 2019 at Blaj's Liberty Field.[3] See also
Bibliography
Notes1. ^[Pr. Dr. John M. Bota, History of the universal Church and the Romanian Church from its origins to today, p.322.] 2. ^santiebeati.it 3. ^1 https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/pope-beatify-martyrs-visit-marian-shrine-trip-romania 4. ^[Ioan M. Bota, Istoria Bisericii universale şi a Bisericii româneşti from the origini pănă în zilele noastre, p. 322.] 5. ^[Annuario Pontificio, Year 1941.] 6. ^[Annuario Pontificio, Year 1951.] 7. ^[Le Petit Episcopalist, Issue 121.] 8. ^[Le Petit Episcopalist, Issue 155, Additions / Corrections (front)] 9. ^[Revue des Ordinations Épiscopales, Issue 1940, Number 37] 10. ^[In Cluj, in a rally organized by the communist authorities, on the order of Stalin. On 1st October 1948, 36 Romanian Greek Catholic priests including an archpriest, signed under psychological pressure, the abandonment of the Romanian Church United with Rome and adherence to the Romanian Orthodox Church. On the same day, the Greek Catholic Bishop of Cluj, Iuliu Hossu, issued a decree of excommunication ipso facto, concerning all the participants of the Cluj rally.] 11. ^[Pr. Dr. John M. Bota, History of the universal Church and the Romanian Church from its origins to today, p.322.] 12. ^[Cicerone Ionițoiu, http://www.procesulcomunismului.com/marturii/fonduri/ioanitoiu/biserici/episcopi_greco_catolici/episcopi_greco_catolici.pdf Procesul comunismului. Episcopii greco-catolici, pag. 3.] 13. ^[Pr. Dr. John M. Bota, History of the universal Church and the Romanian Church from its origins to today, p.322.] 14. ^[Sergiu Grossu, Calvary of Christian Romania, Convorbiri Literare" & ABC DAVA, Chişinău, p. 35.] 15. ^[Roman Square: in Romanian, Piata Romană. It is a public square located in the center of the Capital of Romania] 16. ^[Alexandru Nikolski / Alexandru Nicolschi (born Boris Grünberg on 2 June 1915, in Tiraspol - died on 16 April 1992 in Bucharest) was a general of Securitate.] 17. ^[Pr. Dr. John M. Bota, History of the universal Church and the Romanian Church from its origins to today, p.322.] 18. ^{{ro icon}} Episcopul Vasile Aftenie at the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic site; accessed May 15, 2012 19. ^[Silvestru Augustin Prunduş and Clemente Plăianu, Catholicism and Romanian Orthodoxy. Short history of the Romanian United Church. Christian Life Publishing House, Cluj 1994.] 20. ^[Silvestru Augustin Prunduş and Clemente Plăianu, The 12 Martyrs Bishops, Publisher "The Christian Life", Cluj 1998.] 21. ^bru.ro 22. ^{{ro icon}} Mirela Corlățan, "Episcopul catolic hâtru cu destin de martir", Evenimentul Zilei, 14 May 2010; accessed May 15, 2012 23. ^https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/seven-20th-century-romanian-bishops-declared-martyrs-32538 External links
15 : 1899 births|1950 deaths|19th-century Romanian people|20th-century Romanian people|Deaths by beating|People from Alba County|Romanian Austro-Hungarians|Transylvanian Romanians|Romanian Greek-Catholic bishops|Romanian anti-communist clergy|Romanian prisoners and detainees|Romanian torture victims|Romanian people who died in prison custody|Burials at Bellu|Romanian Servants of God |
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