| 词条 | Vehicle location data |
| 释义 |
as well as radio-frequency identification (RFID) from dedicated short-range communications transponders[5] [6] (such as those used for electronic toll collection and parking lots). Databases of this information may be maintained by government or private entities. Private companies use vehicle location data for vehicle repossession and consumer profiling.[1] Government databases have been subjected to legal orders for location data.[6][7] Access may be restricted to use in criminal cases, but may also be available for civil cases, such as divorce.[7]Automatic number plate recognition{{main|Automatic number plate recognition}}Vehicle registration plates may be automatically scanned with equipment, mountable on vehicles, that identifies an image characteristic of a registration plates, takes a photograph, and reads and records the registration number.[1] Such scanning may be done by government [1][2] or private industry.[1][3][4] Private industry collects this information for profit through, directly or indirectly, activities such as consumer profiling and repossession.[1][4] Companies have collected over 1 billion scans of registration plates in the United States,[4] stored in multiple national databases. TranspondersRadio-frequency identification (RFID) read from dedicated short-range communication transponders voluntarily obtained by citizens for electronic toll collection enable recording of time and location data at toll crossings.[7] Scanning equipment has also been installed at additional, non-toll locations,[8][5] enabling further data collection. Transponders have also been hacked, allowing reading and tracking by unauthorized parties.[9][10]Privacy concernsThe American Civil Liberties Union issued a report on license plate tracking, finding that the vast majority of scans collected are the vehicles of innocent persons.[11] [3][12]See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443995604578004723603576296|title = New Tracking Frontier: Your License Plates|author1= Julia Angwin|last2 = Valentino-DeVries|first2 = Jennifer|date = 29 September 2012|website = online.wsj.com|publisher = Wall Street Journal|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url = https://www.revealnews.org/article-legacy/license-plate-readers-let-police-collect-millions-of-records-on-drivers/|title = License-plate readers let police collect millions of records on drivers|last = Winston|first = Ali|date = 26 June 2013|website = cironline.org|publisher = Center for Investigative Reporting|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news|url = https://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/jul/17/million-american-license-plate-privacy-tracking|title = Millions of US license plates tracked and stored, new ACLU report finds|last = Pilkington|first = Ed|date = 17 July 2013|website = guardian.co.uk|publisher = The Guardian|accessdate = 13 February 2019|location=London}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url = http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/19/19548772-license-plate-data-not-just-for-cops-private-companies-are-tracking-your-car|title = License plate data not just for cops: Private companies are tracking your car|last = Aegerter|first = Gil|date = 19 July 2013|website = investigations.nbcnews.com|publisher = NBC News|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/36/19/all_ezpassbigbrother_2013_05_10_bk.html|title = Big Brother has it ‘E-Z’: City now tracking cars through local streets thanks to E-ZPass|last = Lutz|first = Jaime|date = 8 May 2013|website = www.brooklynpaper.com|publisher = The Brooklyn Paper|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/199929/location_tracking_services_why_you_should_think_twice.html|title = Location-Tracking Services: Why You Should Think Twice|last = Tynan|first = Dan|date = |website = www.pcworld.com|publisher = PC World|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|url = http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-08-12-ez-pass_N.htm|title = Adultery has a new monitor: E-ZPass|last = Newmarker|first = Chris|date = 10 August 2007|website = usatoday.com|publisher = USA Today|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 8. ^{{cite news|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/09/12/e-zpasses-get-read-all-over-new-york-not-just-at-toll-booths/|title = E-ZPasses Get Read All Over New York (Not Just At Toll Booths)|last = Hill|first = Kashmir|date = 12 September 2013|website = forbes.com|publisher = Forbes|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.cnet.com/news/hacking-electronic-toll-systems/|title = Security expert explains how data can be stolen off electronic toll devices and how people can be tracked in real time|last = Mills|first = Elinor|date = 6 August 2008|website = news.cnet.com|publisher = CNET Networks|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web|url = http://rdist.root.org/2008/08/07/fastrak-talk-summary-and-slides/|title = FasTrak talk summary and slides|last = Lawson|first = Nate|date = 7 August 2008|website = rdist.root.org|publisher = Root Labs|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 11. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.aclu.org/alpr|title = You Are Being Tracked: How License Plate Readers Are Being Used to Record Americans' Movements|last = |first = |date = |website = www.aclu.org|publisher = American Civil Liberties Union|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 12. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/aclu-digital-dragnet-ensnares-millions-innocent-drivers-6C10654018|title = ACLU: Digital dragnet ensnares millions of innocent drivers|last = Sullivan|first = Bob|date = 17 July 2013|website = www.nbcnews.com|publisher = NBC News|accessdate = 13 February 2019}} 2 : Automatic number plate recognition|Mass surveillance |
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