| 词条 | Victoria Affair |
| 释义 |
| name = Operation Iron Law | image = | caption = Display of the weapons found aboard the Victoria | partof = Israel-Iran proxy conflict | scope = | planned = | planned_by = Israeli Sea Corps | objective = Seize suspected Iranian arms shipment on freighter Victoria | executed = March 15, 2011 | executed_by = Shayetet 13 | outcome = Success }}{{Shayetet 13 boardings}} The Victoria Affair (code name Operation Iron Law) was a military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in March 2011 in which the Israeli Navy intercepted the vessel Victoria on the international waters in the Mediterranean,[1] and discovered concealed weapons which, according to the IDF, were destined for Palestinian militant organizations in the Gaza Strip. The vessel was found to be carrying approximately 50 tons of weapons, including C-704 anti-ship missiles, rocket launchers, radar systems, mortar shells and rifle ammunition. BackgroundIsrael maintains a naval blockade of the Gaza Strip, to prevent the smuggling of arms into the hands of militant organizations based there. In 2003, Israeli commandos intercepted the Karine A in the Red Sea, and seized 50 tons of missiles, mortars, rifles and ammunition which it said were destined for Gaza. In 2009, the Israeli navy intercepted the Iranian vessel Francop off the coast of Cyprus, carrying hundreds of tons of weapons.[1] Iran is Hamas's main arms provider, smuggling weapons overland through Sudan and Sinai in addition to using the sea route.[2] OperationIsraeli commanders were acting on intelligence reports indicating that 39 of the 100 containers on deck were loaded with Iranian weapons[3] while at port in Syria, and were to be transferred to Hamas. The Victoria was seized about 200 nautical miles from the Israeli coast, while on its way from Turkey to El-Arish port in Egypt (other sources give the destination as Alexandria, Egypt).[3] According to the IDF, the ship picked up the cargo in the Port of Latakia in Syria and sailed to Mersin, Turkey.[4] The ship was intercepted by Israeli Navy missile ships, which radioed the captain and questioned him about his point of origin and planned destination, then informed him that his ship was suspected of carrying illegal cargo, and requested permission to board for an inspection. The captain agreed, and ordered the vessel stopped. Several minutes later, speedboats carrying commandos from Israel’s elite naval unit, Shayetet 13, pulled alongside the ship. A ladder was dropped for them to climb aboard. The commandos boarded with their weapons at the ready out of concern that there could be Iranian or Hamas operatives on board. The commandos ordered the crew to assemble on the bridge, and then began inspecting the cargo.[3] The IDF said the ship's crew was unaware it was carrying concealed weapons. The ship was redirected to the Port of Ashdod for further inspection. After the contraband was unloaded, Israel announced it would release the Victoria and allow it to continue its journey to the Egyptian port of Alexandria.[5] According to the IDF’s Deputy Navy Commander Rear Admiral Rani Ben-Yehuda, the weapons may have been transported from Iran to Syria several weeks earlier, when two Iranian warships sailed through the Suez Canal.[6] The shipmentConcealed in three containers hidden beneath cotton bags and lentils produced in Syria were the following weapon systems:[7]
According to the IDF, the weapons were accompanied by user manuals in Persian.[6] The packing slip for the 60mm mortar also included a range table for use with a model AZ111-A2 impact fuse, made exclusively by Iran.[8] In an attempt to mislead would-be inspectors, "Made in Britain" labels were attached to all of the crates.[9] The C-704 missile has a range of 35 kilometers, and a 130 kilogram explosive warhead capable of sinking a 1,000-ton ship. According to The Jerusalem Post, had the six missiles the ship was carrying arrived in the Gaza Strip, they "would have forced the navy to change the way it operates. It now operates just a few kilometers from shore; this would no longer be possible".[3] Responses
LegalityUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 1929 authorizes states to seize items, including arms, that Iran is forbidden from exporting. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news |title=Israel intercepts ship with 'Gaza-bound weapons' |author=Mark Weiss |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0316/1224292264598.html |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=NATO seizes Iranian arms smuggling en route to Taliban |author= |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?ID=211420&R=R1 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=9 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=Victoria’s Secret: The inside story of an arms-laden ship |author=Yaakov Katz |url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=212683 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=18 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news |title=Israeli Navy Seizes Suspected Arms Vessel |author=Yonat Frilling |url=http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2011/03/15/israeli-navy-seizes-suspected-arms-vessel/ |newspaper=Fox News |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318174213/http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2011/03/15/israeli-navy-seizes-suspected-arms-vessel/ |archive-date=18 March 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Israel to include weapons ship in UN panel on Iran arms smuggling |author=Anshell Pfeffer and Barak Ravid |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israel-to-include-weapons-ship-in-un-panel-on-iran-arms-smuggling-1.349668 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |title=Navy: Anti-ship missiles, Farsi manual found on seized vessel |author=Boaz Fyler |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4042891,00.html |newspaper=YnetNews |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 7. ^{{cite news |title=50 Tons of Smuggled Weapons Seized |author=Yonat Frilling |url=http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2011/03/16/50-tons-of-smuggled-weapons-seized/ |newspaper=Fox News |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/Israel_Navy_uncovers_weaponry_cargo_vessel_15-Mar-2011.htm|title=Israel Navy uncovers weaponry on-board cargo vessel|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=50 tons of weapons seized by Israel |author=Mark Weiss |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8385847/50-tons-of-weapons-seized-by-Israel.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=16 March 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=Toner|first=Mark C.|title=Illicit Arms Smuggling in the Middle East|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/03/158449.htm|work=state.gov|publisher=U.S. State Department|accessdate=20 March 2011|date=16 March 2011}} External links{{commons category|Operation Iron Law}}
11 : 2011 in Israel|2011 in the Gaza Strip|Battles and conflicts without fatalities|Israeli Navy|Iran–Israel relations|Maritime incidents in 2011|Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Operations involving Israeli special forces|March 2011 events|History of the Mediterranean|Iran–Israel proxy conflict |
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