“Vigils for Peace”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vigils for Peace ({{lang-de|Mahnwachen für den Frieden}}) is the name of regular series of vigils that have taken place on Mondays in many cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland since March 2014. The vigils are explicitly not left-wing or right-wing in political orientation, although they are inspired by the Monday demonstrations in East Germany that took place in 1989 and 1990.

The vigils were triggered by the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine and the concerns it generated in Germany about conflict and war, but a primary focus has been the Federal Reserve System in the United States and its argued effects on the global economy and political events.

Vigils

The first "vigil for peace" was organized in March 2014 Brandenburg Gate in Berlin by Lars Mährholz, a professional skydiver and entrepreneur.^[1] Its slogan was: "For peace in Europe and the world, for an honest press, and against the deadly politics of the Federal Reserve (a private bank)." (German: "Für Frieden in Europa, auf der Welt, für eine ehrliche Presse und gegen die tödliche Politik der Federal Reserve [einer privaten Bank].") One of the speakers at the first vigil was Ken Jebsen, a former television and radio anchor for the Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg, and he soon became a prominent figure in the movement and the regularly-occurring vigils in Berlin. The vigils in Berlin were soon emulated by other activists in over 80 other cities in German-speaking countries, who used Facebook and social media to set the meeting times and locations. At the beginning of June, organizers of several vigils also gathered in Senftenberg.

Speakers

In addition to Jebsen, journalist Jürgen Elsässer and Andreas Popp, a critic of the interest-based banking system, spoke at the first vigil.^[3] In May, other speakers included musician Prinz Chaos ^[4] and former Attac activist Pedram Shahyar.^[5] On June 9, Diether Dehm, a politician of The Left party, spoke and sang at the Berlin vigil, triggering internal party discussions about the value and political orientation of the movement.^[6]

Participants

In May 2014, the Center for Technology and Society ("Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft")

at the Technical University of Berlin administered a survey of vigil participants. They reported that their survey showed that participants were younger, better educated, and more active on the Internet than the average member of the German public.^[7] 38% of participants identified themselves more with the left, although a greater percentage, 39%, rejected the left-right political schema entirely. In terms of voting orientation in the 2013 Bundestag elections, participants displayed overproportional votes for The Left, the Pirate Party, and the Alternative for Germany party. A third of participants did not vote or did not enter valid ballots.^[8]

Reception

Some members of the Left Party, including Andrej Hunko, Heike Hänsel, Sabine Leidig, and Volker Külow, have argued that solidarity with the vigils is worthwhile. However, on May 25 and 26, the official federal party organ distanced itself from the vigils, arguing that the claimed participation of "right-wing populists, nationalists, conspiracy theorists, and anti-Semites" can serve to make Third Position strategies "socially acceptable".^[9]

References

1. ^{{cite news|work=taz|title=Spontan für den Frieden|author=Kristina Ludwig and Erik Peter | date=June 23, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|work=Berliner Zeitung|title=Montagsdemos in Berlin: Worum es bei den Montagsdemos wirklich geht|url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik/montagsdemos-in-berlin-worum-es-bei-den-montagsdemos-wirklich-geht,10808018,27047650.html||author=Stefan Geyer | date=May 6, 2014 | accessdate=June 24, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite news|work=zeit.de|title=Die ganz eigene Welt der Montagsdemonstranten|url=http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2014-04/montagsdemo-mahnwache-frieden-berlin/komplettansicht||author=Frida Thurm | date=April 22, 2014 | accessdate=June 24, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite news|work=zeit.de|title=Die ganz eigene Welt der Montagsdemonstranten|url=http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2014-04/montagsdemo-mahnwache-frieden-berlin/komplettansicht||author=Frida Thurm | date=April 22, 2014 | accessdate=June 24, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite news|work=taz|title=Ex-Attac-Aktivist über Montagsdemos: "Warum sollte ich pfeifen?"|url=http://www.taz.de/!137863/||author=Martin Reeh | date=May 5, 2014 | accessdate=June 24, 2014}}
6. ^{{cite news|work=taz|title=Herr Dehm schreibt ein Gedicht|url=http://www.taz.de/Streit-bei-der-Linkspartei/!140516/||author=Anja Maier | date=June 17, 2014 | accessdate=June 24, 2014}}
7. ^{{Citation |last1 = Daphi |first1 = Priska |last2 = Rucht |first2 = Dieter |last3 = Stuppert |first3 = Wolfgang |last4 = Teune |first4 = Simon |last5 = Ullrich |first5 = Peter |title = Occupy Frieden − Eine Befragung von Teilnehmer/innen der "Montagsmahnwachen für den Frieden" |publisher = Forschungsbericht aus dem Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft an der Technischen Universität Berlin, Bereich Soziale Bewegungen, Technik, Konflikte, in Kooperation mit dem Verein für Protest- und Bewegungsforschung e.V. |publication-place = |page = 8ff and 28 |url = https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |accessdate = June 24, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714195813/https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |archive-date = July 14, 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all}}
8. ^{{Citation |last1 = Daphi |first1 = Priska |last2 = Rucht |first2 = Dieter |last3 = Stuppert |first3 = Wolfgang |last4 = Teune |first4 = Simon |last5 = Ullrich |first5 = Peter |title = Occupy Frieden − Eine Befragung von Teilnehmer/innen der "Montagsmahnwachen für den Frieden" |publisher = Forschungsbericht aus dem Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft an der Technischen Universität Berlin, Bereich Soziale Bewegungen, Technik, Konflikte, in Kooperation mit dem Verein für Protest- und Bewegungsforschung e.V. |publication-place = |pages = 18, 19 |url = https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |accessdate = June 24, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714195813/https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |archive-date = July 14, 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all}}
9. ^{{Citation |title = Für Frieden und Deeskalation in der Ukraine Beschluss des Parteivorstandes vom 25./26. Mai 2014 |publisher = Die Linke Party Committee |publication-place = |page = 19 |url = https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |accessdate = June 24, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714195813/https://protestinstitut.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/occupy-frieden_befragung-montagsmahnwachen_protestinstitut-eu1.pdf |archive-date = July 14, 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all}}