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词条 1985 Tour de France
释义

  1. Teams

  2. Pre-race favourites

  3. Route and stages

  4. Race overview

  5. Classification leadership

  6. Final standings

     General classification  Points classification  Mountains classification  Young rider classification  Intermediate sprints classification  Combination classification  Team classification  Team points classification 

  7. Aftermath

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1985 Tour de France
| image = Route of the 1985 Tour de France.png
| image_caption = Route of the 1985 Tour de France
| image_size = 360 px
| series =
| race_no =
| series_no =
| date = 28 June – 21 July
| stages = 22 + Prologue, including one split stage
| distance = 4109
| unit = km
| time = 113h 24' 23"
| speed = 36.232
| first = Bernard Hinault
| first_nat = FRA
| first_natvar =
| first_team = {{ct|LVC|1985}}
| first_color = yellow
| second = Greg LeMond
| second_nat = USA
| second_natvar =
| second_team = {{ct|LVC|1985}}
| third = Stephen Roche
| third_nat = IRE
| third_natvar =
| third_team = {{ct|La Redoute|1985}}
| points = Sean Kelly
| points_nat = IRE
| points_natvar =
| points_team = {{ct|SKIL|1985}}
| points_color = green
| mountains = Luis Herrera
| mountains_nat = COL
| mountains_natvar =
| mountains_team = {{ct|CAF|1985}}
| mountains_color = polkadot
| sprints = Jozef Lieckens
| sprints_nat = BEL
| sprints_team = {{ct|LOT|1985}}
| sprints_color = red
| youth = Fabio Parra
| youth_nat = COL
| youth_natvar =
| youth_team = {{ct|CAF|1985}}
| youth_color = white
| combination = Greg LeMond
| combination_nat = USA
| combination_natvar =
| combination_team = {{ct|LVC|1985}}
| combination_color = combined
| team = {{ct|LVC|1985}}
| teampoints = {{ct|LVC|1985}}
| combativity = Maarten Ducrot
| combativity_nat = NED
| combativity_team = {{ct|RAB|1985}}
| previous = 1984
| next = 1986
}}

The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd Tour de France, taking place between 28 June and 21 July, over {{convert|4109|km|0|abbr=on}} in 22 stages and a prologue.

Bernard Hinault would attempt to equal the records of Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx who had each won the Tour de France five times. Hinault was unable to compete due to tendinitis in 1983. In 1984 Hinault had finished second to Laurent Fignon, and was threatened by Greg LeMond who ended in third position on the final podium. In order to ensure the best support, Hinault's La Vie Claire team recruited LeMond for the 1985 tour. In return for his support, Hinault promised on television that he would support LeMond the following year in the 1986 Tour de France.

Despite crashing on a fast descent and riding with black eyes due to his injuries, Hinault won and publicly again stated his promise to help LeMond the following year.

Teams

{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1985 Tour de France}}

In June 1985, 21 teams had requested to start in the 1985 Tour.[1] Three Italian teams, (Gis, Alpilatte and Malvor) withdrew, so the 1985 Tour started with 18 teams. Each team had 10 cyclists, so the 1985 Tour started with 180 cyclists.[2]

The teams entering the race were:[2]

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • {{ct|REN|1985}}
  • {{ct|LVC|1985}}
  • {{ct|Peugeot|1985}}
  • {{ct|SKIL|1985}}
  • {{ct|MOV|1985}}
  • {{ct|Fagor2|1985}}
  • {{ct|Hitachi|1985}}
  • {{ct|PSC|1985}}
  • {{ct|CAF|1985}}
  • {{ct|CAR|1985}}
  • {{ct|La Redoute|1985}}
  • {{ct|RAB|1985}}
  • {{ct|ZOR|1985}}
  • {{ct|LTS|1985}}
  • {{ct|Verandalux|1985b}}
  • {{ct|Artiach|1985b}}
  • {{ct|BRD|1985}}
  • {{ct|Tonissteiner|1985}}
{{div col end}}

Pre-race favourites

Laurent Fignon, the winner of the 1984 Tour de France was injured, and could not defend his title. Riding for the La Vie Claire team, Bernard Hinault, who already had won the Tour de France four times, and finished second in the previous edition, was the main pre-race favourite.[2]Greg LeMond had finished in third place in 1984 as a team mate of Fignon, and was also considered capable of winning the Tour. LeMond had however changed teams, and was now a team mate of Hinault. There was no clear team leader decided before the Tour; their team decided that they would ride for whoever was showing the best results.[2]

Route and stages

The 1985 Tour de France started on 28 June, and had one rest day, in Villard-de-Lans.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=76}}

[3]{{sfn>Augendre|2016|p=76}}[4]
StageDateCourseDistanceTypeWinner
P28 June Plumelec{{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Bernard Hinault|FRA}}
129 June Vannes to Lanester{{convert|256|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Rudy Matthijs|BEL}}
230 June Lorient to Vitre{{convert|242|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Rudy Matthijs|BEL}}
31 July Vitre to Fougères{{convert|73|km|abbr=on}} Team time trial La Vie Claire}}
42 July Fougères to Pont-Audemer{{convert|239|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Gerrit Solleveld|NED}}
53 July Neufchâtel-en-Bray to Roubaix{{convert|224|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage with cobblestones Henri Manders|NED}}
64 July Roubaix to Reims{{convert|222|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Francis Castaing|FRA}}
75 July Reims to Nancy{{convert|217|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Ludwig Wijnants|BEL}}
86 July Sarrebourg to Strasbourg{{convert|75|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Bernard Hinault|FRA}}
97 July Strasbourg to Épinal{{convert|174|km|abbr=on}} Hilly stage Maarten Ducrot|NED}}
108 July Épinal to Pontarlier{{convert|204|km|abbr=on}} Hilly stage Jørgen V. Pedersen|DEN}}
119 July Pontarlier to Morzine Avoriaz{{convert|195|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Luis Herrera|COL}}
1210 July Morzine Avoriaz to Lans-en-Vercors{{convert|269|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Fabio Parra|COL}}
1311 July Villard-de-Lans{{convert|32|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Eric Vanderaerden|BEL}}
12 JulyVillard-de-LansRest day
1413 July Autrans to Saint-Étienne{{convert|179|km|abbr=on}} Hilly stage Luis Herrera|COL}}
1514 July Saint-Étienne to Aurillac{{convert|238|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}
1615 July Aurillac to Toulouse{{convert|247|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Frédéric Vichot|FRA}}
1716 July Toulouse to Luz Ardiden{{convert|209|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Pedro Delgado|ESP}}
18a17 July Luz-Saint-Sauveur to Aubisque{{convert|53|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Stephen Roche|IRE}}
18b Laruns to Pau{{convert|83|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s) Régis Simon|FRA}}
1918 July Pau to Bordeaux{{convert|203|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Eric Vanderaerden|BEL}}
2019 July Montpon-Ménestérol to Limoges{{convert|225|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Johan Lammerts|NED}}
2120 July Lac de Vassivière{{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trial Greg LeMond|USA}}
2221 July Orléans to Paris (Champs-Élysées){{convert|196|km|abbr=on}} Plain stage Rudy Matthijs|BEL}}
Total{{convert|4109|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=110}}

Race overview

{{main|1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11|1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22}}

Hinault won the prologue, with LeMond in fifth place. Hinault lost the lead in the next stage to Eric Vanderaerden because of time bonuses, but the relative margin to LeMond stayed the same.[2] The La Vie Claire team showed that they were dominant by winning the team time trial in stage 3. Vanderaerden kept his lead, but places 2 to 9 in the general classification were taken by riders from the La Vie Claire team, with Hinault in second place and LeMond in fourth place. In the fourth stage, Kim Andersen from the La Vie Claire team was part of a successful breakaway, and became the new leader.[2] LeMond collected some time bonuses in the fifth and sixth stage, which put him two seconds ahead of Hinault in the general classification. In the sixth stage, he initially finished fourth, but initial winner Vanderaerden and second-placed Sean Kelly were relegated for not sprinting according to the rules, making Francis Castaing the stage winner.[2] Hinault was a time trial expert, which he showed in the individual time trial of stage 8. He beat all the other cyclists by more than two minutes, and became the new leader in the general classification. In that time trial, Dietrich Thurau was penalized for drafting to close to another cyclist. At the start of the next stage, Thurau was still angry and attacked a race official, and was removed from the race.[2]

The next challenge for the general classification was in the first mountain stage, stage eleven. Hinault attacked early in the stage, together with Luis Herrera. Herrera was already far behind in the general classification, but was interested in the mountains classification. Hinault and Herrera worked together: Hinault was only interested in the time gains, and Herrera was only interested in reaching the mountain tops first. Herrera won the stage, with Hinault seven seconds back. LeMond had to stay in the next group, because team tactics did not allow him to attack his team mate.[2] Stage thirteen was run as an individual time trial. Hinault was not so strong anymore, and did not win the stage, but still won time on LeMond, who was now in second place in the general classification, more than five minutes behind Hinault.[2] In stage fourteen, Herrera attacked early again to win points for the mountain classification. He was followed by a group of eight cyclists, including LeMond but not Hinault. Herrera won the stage, with the LeMond group reaching the finish one minute later. One minute after that, the group with Hinault reached the finish, but less than one kilometer from the finish, Hinault and five other cyclists crashed. The rules of the Tour says that time losses due to crashes in the last kilometer are not counted, but a cyclists has to reach the finish on his own strengths. Hinault, still on the ground, was checked by the Tour doctor for some minutes, but was able to get back on his bike and finish the stage, his face all covered with blood. His nose was broken, and breathing was more difficult than normal.[2]

Hinault survived the next two flat stages, but ran into problems in the seventeenth stage, with the Col d'Aspin, the Col du Tourmalet and Luz Ardiden. On the Tourmalet, Hinault had to let LeMond, Stephen Roche and Pedro Delgado go. Delgado then left on his own, with Roche chasing him, and LeMond staying close to Roche, who was the biggest threat in the general classification. LeMond felt that he was stronger, and asked his team director Paul Koechli permission to attack. Koechli refused that, and told LeMond to stay with Roche. LeMond stayed with Roche while some other cyclists caught up and Herrera and Fabio Parra went clear of the group. At the end of the stage, LeMond finished almost three minutes behind Delgado, with Hinault a further minute behind. In the general classification, Hinault remained in front, with LeMond 2 minutes 25 seconds behind.[2] LeMond was frustrated after the stage, because he felt that he could have won the stage, and could have led the general classification for a few days. Hinault, who knew that his Tour victory was now certain only because LeMond had been waiting for him, promised that in the next edition, he would help LeMond to win the Tour.[2] In the remaining stages, Hinaults lead was not seriously challenged. LeMond was able to win the individual time trial in stage 21, his first Tour stage victory.[5]

Classification leadership

There were several classifications in the 1985 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[6]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[6] The system for the points classification was changed for the 1987 Tour: in previous years, more points were earned in flat stages than in mountain stages, which gave sprinters an advantage in this classification; in 1984 all stages gave 25 points for the winner.[7]

There was also a mountains classification. The points system for the classification was changed: mountains in the toughest categories gave more points, to reduce the influence of the minor hills on this classification.[7] The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[6]

The combination jersey for the combination classification was introduced in 1985.[7] This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications.[8]

Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[6]

The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.[9]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification were identified by yellow caps.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=455}} There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=455}}

Classification leadership table[10][11]
StageStage winnerGeneral classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Young rider classification
Combination classification
Intermediate sprints classification
Team classifications
By timeBy points
PBernard HinaultBernard HinaultBernard HinaultBernard HinaultSteve BauerBernard Hinaultno award{{ct|LVC|1985}}LVC|1985}}
1 Rudy MatthijsEric VanderaerdenEric VanderaerdenMaarten DucrotEric VanderaerdenMaarten Ducrot{{ct|La Redoute|1985}}
2 Rudy MatthijsEric Vanderaerden
3LVC|1985}}
4 Gerrit SolleveldKim AndersenAdri van der PoelKim AndersenSean KellyPeugeot|1985}}
5 Henri MandersEric VanderaerdenLa Redoute|1985}}
6 Francis CastaingKim AndersenPeugeot|1985}}
7 Ludwig WijnantsEric VanderaerdenPSC|1985}}
8 Bernard HinaultBernard HinaultSean KellySean Kelly{{ct|LVC|1985}}
9 Maarten DucrotLuis HerreraGreg LeMond
10 Jørgen V. Pedersen
11 Luis Herrera
12 Fabio ParraJozef Lieckens
13 Eric Vanderaerden
14 Luis Herrera
15 Eduardo Chozas
16 Frédéric Vichot
17 Pedro DelgadoFabio Parra
18a Stephen RocheSean Kelly
18b Régis Simon
19 Eric Vanderaerden
20 Johan Lammerts
21 Greg LeMondGreg LeMond
22 Rudy Matthijs
FinalBernard HinaultSean Kelly{{font color|white|Luis Herrera|link=Luis Herrera (cyclist)Fabio ParraGreg LeMond{{font color|white|Jozef Lieckens|link=yesLVC|1985LVC|1985
  • In stage 21, Greg LeMond wore the technicolor jersey.

Final standings

Legend
Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the points classification
Denotes the winner of the mountains classification Denotes the winner of the young rider classification
Denotes the winner of the combination classification Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[3][30][31]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Bernard Hinault|FRA}}LVC|1985}}113h 24' 23"
2Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}+ 1' 42"
3Stephen Roche|IRE}}La Redoute|1985}}+ 4' 29"
4Sean Kelly|IRE}}SKIL|1985}}+ 6' 26"
5Phil Anderson|AUS}}PSC|1985}}+ 7' 44"
6Pedro Delgado|ESP}}Artiach|1985b}}+ 11' 53"
7Luis Herrera|COL}}CAF|1985}}+ 12' 53"
8Fabio Parra|COL}}CAF|1985}}+ 13' 35"
9Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}+ 13' 56"
10Steve Bauer|CAN}}LVC|1985}}+ 14' 57"
{{columns-start}}

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[12][13][14]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Sean Kelly|IRE}}SKIL|1985}}434
2Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}332
3Stephen Roche|IRE}}La Redoute|1985}}279
4Bernard Hinault|FRA}}LVC|1985}}266
5Eric Vanderaerden|BEL}}PSC|1985}}258
6Phil Anderson|AUS}}PSC|1985}}244
7Adri van der Poel|NED}}RAB|1985}}199
8Luis Herrera|COL}}CAF|1985}}195
9Benny Van Brabant|BEL}}Tonissteiner|1985}}192
10Pedro Delgado|ESP}}Artiach|1985b}}156
{{column}}

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[13][14]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Luis Herrera|COL}}CAF|1985}}440
2Pedro Delgado|ESP}}Artiach|1985b}}274
3Robert Millar|GBR}}Peugeot|1985}}270
4Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}214
5Reynel Montoya|COL}}CAF|1985}}190
6Bernard Hinault|FRA}}LVC|1985}}165
7Claudio Fasolo|ITA}}BRD|1985}}136
8Fabio Parra|COL}}CAF|1985}}133
9Stephen Roche|IRE}}La Redoute|1985}}130
10Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}113
{{columns-end}}{{columns-start}}

Young rider classification

Young rider classification (1–5)[13][12][14]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Fabio Parra|COL}}CAF|1985}} 113h 37' 58"
2Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}+ 21"
3Steve Bauer|CAN}}LVC|1985}}+ 1' 22"
4Robert Forest|FRA}}Peugeot|1985}}+ 4' 10"
5Álvaro Pino|ESP}}ZOR|1985}}+ 8' 00"
{{column}}

Intermediate sprints classification

Intermediate sprints classification (1–5)[13][14][12]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Jozef Lieckens|BEL}}LOT|1985}}162
2Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}67
3Sean Kelly|IRE}}SKIL|1985}}59
4Steve Bauer|CAN}}LVC|1985}}54
5Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}51
{{columns-end}}{{columns-start}}

Combination classification

Final combination classification (1–10)[13][14]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}91
2Sean Kelly|IRE}}SKIL|1985}}85
3Bernard Hinault|FRA}}LVC|1985}}76
4Stephen Roche|IRE}}La Redoute|1985}}63
5Luis Herrera|COL}}CAF|1985}}62
6Pedro Delgado|ESP}}Artiach|1985b}}60
7Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}57
8Kim Andersen|DEN}}LVC|1985}}56
9Steve Bauer|CAN}}LVC|1985}}51
10Adrie van der Poel|NED}}RAB|1985}}47
{{column}}

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[13][14]
RankTeamTime
1LVC|1985}}340h 21' 09"
2PSC|1985}}+ 27' 10"
3Peugeot|1985}}+ 40' 54"
4SKIL|1985}}+ 46' 51"
5La Redoute|1985}}+ 53' 57"
6CAF|1985}}+ 1h 05' 24"
7MOV|1985}}+ 1h 11' 28"
8ZOR|1985}}+ 1h 25' 42"
9REN|1985}}+ 1h 26' 54"
10CAR|1985}}+ 1h 30' 18"
{{columns-end}}

Team points classification

Final team points classification (1–10)[13][14]
RankTeamPoints
1LVC|1985}}1.095
2PSC|1985}}1.268
3SKIL|1985}}1.475
4Peugeot|1985}}1.579
5La Redoute|1985}}1.727
6LTS|1985}}1.802
7Hitachi|1985}}1.832
8LTS|1985}}1.858
9Tonissteiner|1985}}2.461
10REN|1985}}2.471

Aftermath

In previous years, cyclists tied their shoes to their pedals with toe-clips, allowing them to not only push the pedals down but also pull them up. In 1985, Hinault had used clip-ins (clipless pedals), which allowed the shoes to snap into the pedal. His victory in this Tour made these clip-ins popular.[15]

There was some criticism that the time trials were too important. If the time trials would have not counted towards the general classification, the result would have been as follows:[16]

Rank Name Team Time gap
1Luis Herrera|COL}}CAF|1985}}
2Pedro Delgado|ESP}}Artiach|1985b}}+ 16"
3Greg LeMond|USA}}LVC|1985}}+ 2' 28"
4Fabio Parra|COL}}CAF|1985}}+ 2' 52"
5Stephen Roche|IRE}}La Redoute|1985}}+ 4' 22"
6Eduardo Chozas|ESP}}MOV|1985}}+ 4' 27"
7Sean Kelly|IRE}}SKIL|1985}}+ 4' 32"
8Bernard Hinault|FRA}}LVC|1985}}+ 4' 47"
9Robert Millar|GBR}}Peugeot|1985}}+ 6' 21"
10Peter Winnen|NED}}PSC|1985}}+ 6' 55"

The total length of the time trials reduced from {{convert|223|km|mi}} in 1985 to {{convert|180|km|mi}} in 1986.[17] Tour director Levitan felt after the 1985 Tour de France that the race had been too easy, and made the course in 1986 extra difficult, including more mountain climbs than before.[18]

After every stage, around four cyclists had been selected for the doping controls. None of these cyclists tested positive for doping.[19]

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A011011377%3Ampeg21%3Ap023%3Aa0478|title=Record-aantal ploegen in Tour|language=Dutch|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=Nieuwsblad van het Noorden|date=15 June 1985|page=23|accessdate=29 December 2013}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|url=http://bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdf1985.html#story|publisher=Dog Ear Publishering|last=McGann|first=Bill|author2=McGann, Carol|title=The story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007|isbn= 1-59858-608-4|year=2008|accessdate=29 April 2012}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1985.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=72ème Tour de France 1985|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819202242/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1985.php|archive-date=2012-08-19|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1985|title=Tour de France GC top ten|first=Arian|last=Zwegers|website=CVCCBike.com|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html|archive-date=10 June 2009|deadurl=no}}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdf1985.html|title= 1985 Tour de France |date=|work=Bikeraceinfo.com|accessdate=2 April 2015}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |title=Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success |first=Sarah |last=Christian |date=2 July 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2012 |publisher=RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209134934/http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |archivedate=9 February 2013 |df= }}
7. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010962071%3Ampeg21%3Ap021%3Aa0310|title=Ruim ton voor winnaar|language=Dutch|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=Het Vrije Volk|date=28 June 1985|page=21|accessdate=29 December 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/other.htm|title=Tour Xtra: Other Classifications & Awards|first=Eddy van der|last=Mark|accessdate=27 April 2012|publisher=Chippewa Valley Cycling Club}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/combativity.htm|title=Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification|first=Eddy van der|last=Mark|accessdate=27 April 2012|publisher=Chippewa Valley Cycling Club}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19850722&id=GVA-19850722-01023005|title=Dag na dag|trans-title=Day to day|language=Dutch|work=Gazet van Antwerpen|date=22 July 1985|page=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214185433/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19850722&id=GVA-19850722-01023005|archive-date=14 February 2019|dead-url=no}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1985|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1985|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1985|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051056/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1985|archivedate=2 March 2019|language=Dutch|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|accessdate=2 March 2019|dead-url=no}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1985-07-22/edition/0/page/10|title=Tour in cijfers|date=22 July 1985|page=10|work=Leidsch Dagblad|via=Regionaal Archief Leiden|language=Dutch}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1985/07/22/pagina-32/1121900/pdf.html|title=Clasificaciones oficiales|date=22 July 1985|accessdate=19 March 2012|language=Spanish|work=Mundo Deportivo}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|title=Tour de France|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010831141:mpeg21:p013|work=Het Parool|date=22 July 1985|page=14|language=Dutch|via=Delpher}}
15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdXCmwpk-SAC&pg=PA157|page=157|title=Historical dictionary of cycling|first1=Jeroen|last1=Heijmans|last2=Mallon|first2=Bill|year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7175-5|series=Historical dictionaries of sports}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=6&mod=krantresultaat&q=goddet&datering=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+desc%2Ckrant+desc%2Cpagina+desc¶graaf=33&doc=3&p=9¶graaf=41&y=256|title=Hinault populairder dan ooit|language=Dutch|page=9|date=22 July 1985|work=Leidsche Courant|publisher=Regionaal Archief Leiden|first=Jean|last=Nelissen|authorlink=Jean Nelissen|accessdate=29 April 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1986.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828020141/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1986.php|title=73ème Tour de France 1986|language=French|accessdate=20 November 2013|archivedate=28 August 2012}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=%22tour+de+france%22&datering=10/1985&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc¶graaf=84&doc=3&p=15¶graaf=15&y=261|title=Hinault boos op Tourbaas Levitan|date=9 October 1985|accessdate=16 February 2013|publisher=Regionaal archief Leiden|language=Dutch|work=Leidsch Dagblad|page=15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203131537/http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=%22tour+de+france%22&datering=10%2F1985&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc¶graaf=84&doc=3&p=15¶graaf=15&y=261|archive-date=3 December 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=0&mod=krantresultaat&q=geen+nieuws+van+het+dopingfront&datering=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+desc%2Ckrant+desc%2Cpagina+desc|title=Geen nieuws van het dopingfront|page=22|date=22 July 1985|work=Leidsche Courant|publisher=Regionaal Archief Leiden|language=Dutch|accessdate=29 April 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=French|access-date=27 October 2016|format=PDF|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|dead-url=no|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Nauright|first1=John|last2=Parrish|first2=Charles|title=Sports around the world: History, culture, and practice|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-1-59884-300-2|ref=harv}}

External links

{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1985|1985 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1985 Tour de France|P|11|12|22}}{{Tour de France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1985 Tour De France}}

6 : 1985 Tour de France|Tour de France by year|1985 in road cycling|1985 in French sport|June 1985 sports events in Europe|July 1985 sports events in Europe
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