| 词条 | Vijendra K. Singh |
| 释义 |
| name = Vijendra Kumar Singh | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Vijendra K. Singh.jpg | image_size = 124x155 | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = Utah State University, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy | alma_mater = Lucknow University, University of British Columbia | thesis_title = Studies on brain nuclear RNA polymerase and chromatin transcription | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/title/studies-on-brain-nuclear-rna-polymerase-and-chromatin-transcription/oclc/606176778&referer=brief_results | thesis_year = 1972 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = O. Spurgeon English Humanitarian Award[1] | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = | children = }} Vijendra Kumar Singh is a neuroimmunologist who formerly held a post at Utah State University, prior to which he was a professor at the University of Michigan. While affiliated with both institutions, he conducted some controversial autism-related research focusing on the potential role of immune system disorders in the etiology of autism. For example, he has testified before a US congressional committee that, in his view, "three quarters of autistic children suffer from an autoimmune disease." CareerSingh originally worked at a children's hospital in Vancouver, and is the author of over 100 scientific publications. The original focus of his research was neurochemistry, but his interest in the role of the immune system in neurodevelopmental disorders was sparked after reading an article on the mind-body relationship, which proposed a biological mechanism to explain the signaling taking place both in the brain and in the immune system.[2] In 2004, Singh gave a talk before the Institute of Medicine in which he recommended testing for immune disorders before vaccinating children, a proposal which was declined, according to Singh, because of its high cost (almost $100 per child).[3] As of 2009 he was working at the Brain State International Research Center in Scottsdale, Arizona.[4] He is currently affiliated with Neuro Immune Biotechnology Solutions, as the organization's scientific director. He is also a member of the Autism Autoimmunity Project.[5] ResearchIn 1998, Singh, while affiliated with the University of Michigan, coauthored a paper in Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology reporting the presence of antibodies to myelin basic protein in autistic children and arguing that a virally triggered autoimmune response might cause autism.[6] In 2002, Singh et al. published a paper in the Journal of Biomedical Science in which it was reported that 75 of 125 autistic children had an abnormal measles antibody, whereas none of the non-autistic children did. In addition, the study concluded that "...an inappropriate antibody response to MMR, specifically the measles component thereof, might be related to pathogenesis of autism."[7] The results were reported on by the Daily Telegraph, which noted that the study did not prove that the MMR vaccine caused autism; rather, "autism may be responsible for the unusual response to the MMR antibodies."[8] Singh's findings on autism have been criticized by other scientists as flawed, unreproducible, or dubious. Mary Ramsay of the Health Protection Agency wrote that the evidence for the "specific" MMR-type antibody Singh claims to have detected was "not credible."[9] Paul Offit wrote in Autism's False Prophets that "...a closer look at Singh's science revealed two critical flaws: children with autism didn't have evidence of nerve cell damage, and, according to measles experts, the test that Singh had used to detect measles antibodies didn't actually detect them."[10] A 2006 review of literature on vaccines and autism found that Singh's results "have been called into question due to issues of cross-contamination, as well as the use of unsubstantiated and un-validated biochemical techniques", citing a report by the World Health Organization,[11] and a number of other studies have failed to find a difference in immune response to the measles virus between autistic and neurotypical children.[12][13][14][15] Peter Lachmann, the president of the Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom, stated: "Singh's work in these papers is not particularly reproducible or good... There are many diseases which show raised antibodies to measles, for example chronic active hepatitis or multiple sclerosis, yet there is nothing to associate these with MMR. There is no persuasive evidence that autism is caused by autoimmunity." TestimonyIn 2000, Singh testified before the Committee on Government Reform, led by Dan Burton, regarding the potential role of autoimmunity as a cause of autism. Part of his testimony centered on his findings of brain autoantibodies in autistic children.[16] Alternative autism therapiesSingh endorses the treatment of autism with nutraceuticals, transfer factors and glyconutrients.[17] In addition, Singh "recommends treating autistic children with a range of immunological treatments, including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and sphingomyelin."[9] Selected publications
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.usu.edu/ust/index.cfm?article=36224 | title=Utah State Researcher Receives Humanitarian Award | publisher=Utah State University | date=5 November 2002 | accessdate=26 August 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.latitudes.org/articles/singh_neuro_autism.html | title=Autoimmunity and neurological disorders | publisher=ACN | date=2007 | accessdate=25 August 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.usu.edu/science/files/uploads/Insights_Fall05.pdf | title=Insights | publisher=Utah State University College of Science | date=Fall 2005 | accessdate=26 August 2013 | pages=23}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = V. K. | title = Phenotypic expression of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD): A major subset of autism | journal = Annals of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 148–161 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19758536}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Vijendra-Singh/3769598 | title=Vijendra Singh | publisher=Zoominfo | date=31 July 2013 | accessdate=29 August 2013}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = V. K. | last2 = Lin | first2 = S. X. | last3 = Yang | first3 = V. C. | doi = 10.1006/clin.1998.4588 | title = Serological Association of Measles Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 with Brain Autoantibodies in Autism | journal = Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology | volume = 89 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–108 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9756729| pmc = }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF02256592 | last1 = Singh | first1 = V. K. | last2 = Lin | first2 = S. X. | last3 = Newell | first3 = E. | last4 = Nelson | first4 = C. | title = Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism | journal = Journal of Biomedical Science | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 359–364 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12145534}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1403963/Study-linking-autism-to-MMR-is-published.html | title=Study linking autism to MMR is published | publisher=Telegraph Media Group | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=9 August 2002 | accessdate=25 August 2013 | author=Derbyshire, David}} 9. ^1 {{harvnb|Fitzpatrick|2004|p=90}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Offit|2008|p=45}} 11. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Doja | first1 = A. | last2 = Roberts | first2 = W. | title = Immunizations and autism: a review of the literature | journal = The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–346 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17168158 | doi=10.1017/s031716710000528x}} 12. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Libbey | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Coon | first2 = H. H. | last3 = Kirkman | first3 = N. J. | last4 = Sweeten | first4 = T. L. | last5 = Miller | first5 = J. N. | last6 = Lainhart | first6 = J. E. | last7 = McMahon | first7 = W. M. | last8 = Fujinami | first8 = R. S. | doi = 10.1080/13550280701278462 | title = Are there altered antibody responses to measles, mumps, or rubella viruses in autism? | journal = Journal of Neurovirology | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | pages = 252–259 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17613715 | pmc = }} 13. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Baird | first1 = G. | last2 = Pickles | first2 = A. | last3 = Simonoff | first3 = E. | last4 = Charman | first4 = T. | last5 = Sullivan | first5 = P. | last6 = Chandler | first6 = S. | last7 = Loucas | first7 = T. | last8 = Meldrum | first8 = D. | last9 = Afzal | first9 = M. | last10 = Thomas | first10 = B. | last11 = Jin | first11 = L. | last12 = Brown | first12 = D. | doi = 10.1136/adc.2007.122937 | title = Measles vaccination and antibody response in autism spectrum disorders | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 93 | issue = 10 | pages = 832–837 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18252754 | pmc = }} 14. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = d'Souza | first1 = Y. | last2 = Fombonne | first2 = E. | last3 = Ward | first3 = B. J. | doi = 10.1542/peds.2006-1262 | title = No Evidence of Persisting Measles Virus in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 118 | issue = 4 | pages = 1664–1675 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17015560| pmc = }} 15. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Gentile | first1 = I. | last2 = Bravaccio | first2 = C. | last3 = Bonavolta | first3 = R. | last4 = Zappulo | first4 = E. | last5 = Scarica | first5 = S. | last6 = Riccio | first6 = M. P. | last7 = Settimi | first7 = A. | last8 = Portella | first8 = G. | last9 = Pascotto | first9 = A. | last10 = Borgia | first10 = G. | title = Response to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = In Vivo (Athens, Greece) | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 377–382 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23606694}} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-106hhrg69622/html/CHRG-106hhrg69622.htm | title=AUTISM: PRESENT CHALLENGES, FUTURE NEEDS--WHY THE INCREASED RATES? | publisher=US Government Printing Office | date=6 April 2000 | accessdate=28 August 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.utahstate.usu.edu/issues/summer06/autism2.htm | title=USU Scientist offers hope for autistic children | publisher=Utah State Magazine | date=Summer 2006 | accessdate=25 August 2013}} Bibliography{{Refbegin|colwidth=35em}}
External links
5 : Living people|Autism researchers|Utah State University faculty|University of British Columbia alumni|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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