| 词条 | Viktor Fainberg |
| 释义 |
| name = Viktor Isaakovich Fainberg | native_name = Виктор Исаакович Файнберг | native_name_lang = Russian | image = Victor Fainberg in Paris.JPG | alt = | caption = Fainberg in Paris | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|11|26}} | birth_place = Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | nationality = Ukrainian Jew | citizenship = Russia, France | education = philology of the English language and literature | alma_mater = the Leningrad University | other_names = | known_for = his participation in the dissident movement in the Soviet Union, the 1968 Red Square demonstration and the Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse which led the struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union | occupation = philology, politics | movement = dissident movement in the Soviet Union | spouse = | partner = Marina Voikhanskaya | children = son Yuri | parents = Isaac Fainberg and Sarah Dashevskaya | awards = Medal of the President of the Slovak republic }}Viktor Isaakovich Fainberg ({{lang-ru|Ви́ктор Исаа́кович Фа́йнберг}}, born 26 November 1931,[1] Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR[2]{{rp|195, 200}}) is a philologist, prominent figure of the dissident movement in the Soviet Union, participant of the 1968 Red Square demonstration,[2]{{rp|195}} and the director of the Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse.[3][4][5][6] BiographyViktor Fainberg was born to the married couple of Isaac Fainberg and Sarah Dashevskaya. In his life as a child, while attending school during an antisemitic campaign of 1948-1952, he was subjected to harassment that, in his own words, he did not reconcile himself to, but entered the fray with an abuser. As the result of these frays, he got a referral to a psychiatrist. In 1957, in connection with antisemitic insult, he had a fight with a policeman and for this reason was sentenced to 1 year of corrective labor.[7] In 1968, he graduated from the English unit of the philological department of the Leningrad University where he defended his diploma thesis about writer Salinger with distinction. In the summer of 1968, Fainberg worked as a guide for the Pavlovsk Palace.[2]{{rp|195}} Viktor Fainberg was one of the seven persons who participated in the 1968 Red Square demonstration against the intervention into Czechoslovakia.[8]{{rp|77}} During the demonstration and his arrest, he lost many teeth and in this unpresentable state was never presented for trial; instead, he was placed to a psychiatric hospital.[9]{{rp|147}} Fainberg was examined by the Serbsky Institute commission composed of G.V. Morozov, D.R. Lunts and Y.L. Lindau. In their act No 35 / s dated October 10, 1968, they did not mention the invasion of Czechoslovakia, which gave rise to this demonstration, the action was merely described as 'disorderly conduct at Red Square,' and Fainberg's mental condition was described as follows:[10] {{quote|With enthusiasm and strong obsession he expresses ideas of reformism as to Marxism classics' teaching, while revealing clearly his increased self-esteem and firm belief in his rightness. At the same time, his remarks about his family, parents, and son reveal his emotional flatness... In the Institute department, one can note his unconcern, indifference to himself and others in his outwardly orderly behavior. He is occupied with gymnastics, rubdown, reading books, and studying literature in English. His insight into his condition and the emerged situation is clearly insufficient.[2]{{rp|201, 202}}[10]}}As a result, he was committed for compulsory treatment to the Special Psychiatric Hospital in Leningrad where he was confined from January 1969 to February 1973.[8]{{rp|77}}[10] At the hospital, Fainberg went on hunger strike in protest, was subjected to forced feeding and was treated with chlorpromazine despite his hyperthyroidism that was somatic contraindication to chlorpromazine therapy.[10]{{rp|122}} Marina Vaykhanskaya, a psychiatrist at the hospital, assisted Fainberg by passing information about him to dissidents outside. She was dismissed for this activity which helped Fainberg be released. In 1974, they married and emigrated from the Soviet Union.[11] In emigration, Fainberg has initiated the formation of "Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuses" (CAPA) to fight punitive psychiatry in the USSR.[4] In 1983, the Soviet Union was expelled from the World Psychiatric Association (WPA).[11] OtherOn October 27, 2014, along with other 3 dissenters from summer of 1968, Viktor Fainberg was decorated by Slovak President Andrej Kiska for his show of solidarity to Czechoslovakia. He received the Medal of the President of the Slovak republic along with Vladimir Dremlyuga and Pavel Litvinov. Natalya Gorbanevskaya received the highest Slovak award, Order of the White Double Cross, in memoriam.[12] Renowned British playwright Tom Stoppard wrote the play Every Good Boy Deserves Favour dedicated to Vladimir Bukovsky and Viktor Fainberg.[4][13]{{rp|359}} Viktor has daughter, Sarah, who is a research fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv.[14] References1. ^{{cite web|author1=Толстой, Иван |author2=Гаврилов, Андрей |title=Юбилей правозащитника Виктора Файнберга|trans-title=The jubilee of human rights activist Viktor Fainberg|url=http://www.svoboda.org/content/transcript/24399412.html|publisher=Radio Liberty|language=Russian|date=22 November 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Казнимые сумасшествием: Сборник документальных материалов о психиатрических преследованиях инакомыслящих в СССР / Редакторы: А. Артёмова, Л. Рар, М. Славинский|year=1971|publisher=Посев|location=Франкфурт-на-Майне|pages=|url=http://antisoviet.narod.ru/samizdat_kaznim.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite journal|author=McKane, Richard|title=Poems from the Arsenal|journal=Index on Censorship|date=October 2001|volume=30|issue=4|pages=102–106|doi=10.1080/03064220108536983}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Банчик|first=Надежда|title=Виктор Файнберг: Одна жизнь и покушение в Париже|url=http://www.newswe.com/index.php?go=Pages&in=view&id=37|accessdate=23 April 2011|newspaper=Интернет-газета «Мы здесь»|date=11–17 January 2008}} 5. ^{{cite news|author=Harper, Catherine|title=Where dissent may spell torture of mind and body|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=28 April 1977|page=7|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19770428&id=MD5kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YuYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=934,9115539&hl=com}} 6. ^{{cite news|author=Heinrichs, Paul|title=Tortured activist wants Russia condemned|work=The Age|date=22 April 1977|page=11|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19770422&id=6PFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ipIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7162,5672086&hl=com}} 7. ^Люди августа 1968… 8. ^1 {{cite book|last=van Voren|first=Robert|title=On Dissidents and Madness: From the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin|year=2009|publisher=Rodopi|location=Amsterdam—New York|isbn=978-90-420-2585-1|pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tyDIKu8XsgcC&printsec=frontcover#PPA77,M1}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Mount, Ferdinand|title=Communism: a TLS companion|date=1993|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0226543246|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IIfanLgBhS0C&pg=PA147}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Прокопенко|first=Анатолий|script-title=ru:Безумная психиатрия: секретные материалы о применении в СССР психиатрии в карательных целях|year=1997|publisher="Совершенно секретно"|location=Москва|isbn=978-5-85275-145-4|pages=|url=http://h-v-p.boom.ru/book.htm|language=ru|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219221427/http://h-v-p.boom.ru/book.htm|archivedate=2010-02-19|df=}} (The Russian text of the book in full is available online on the website of the organization "Help for Psychiatric Survivors") 11. ^1 {{cite journal|last = Жаворонкова|first = Юлия|title = Частушки в контексте вялотекущей шизофрении|journal = Журнал "Пчела": Обозрение деятельности негосударственных организаций Санкт-Петербурга|date = November–December 2000|issue = № 30|url = http://www.pchela.ru/podshiv/30/chastushky.htm|access-date = 2011-04-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720062328/http://www.pchela.ru/podshiv/30/chastushky.htm|archive-date = 2011-07-20|dead-url = yes|df = }} 12. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.webnoviny.sk/slovensko/clanok/882956-kiska-vyznamenal-demonstrantov-proti-okupacii-v-roku-1968/ |title=Kiska vyznamenal demonštrantov proti okupácii v roku 1968|language=Slovak|trans-title=Kiska decorated demonstrators against occupation in 1968|agency=SITA|date=2014-10-27 |accessdate=2014-10-27 }} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Caute|first=David|title=The dancer defects: the struggle for cultural supremacy during the Cold War|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-927883-1|pages=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_lkfAD0oYUC&printsec=frontcover#PPA359,M1}} 14. ^{{cite news|author=Levy, Elias|title=La Russie de Poutine, les Juifs et Israël|url=http://www.cjnews.com/en-francais/la-russie-de-poutine-les-juifs-et-israel|work=The Canadian Jewish news|date=31 March 2015|language=French}} Sources
VideoThe Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes videotaped Fainberg's spoken autobiography in Russian:
Interviews
16 : 1931 births|People from Kharkiv|Living people|Soviet Jews|Ukrainian Jews|Saint Petersburg State University alumni|Soviet philologists|20th-century philologists|Soviet dissidents|Soviet human rights activists|Soviet psychiatric abuse whistleblowers|Psychiatric survivor activists|Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse|Soviet emigrants to Israel|Soviet emigrants to France|Soviet emigrants to the United Kingdom |
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