| 词条 | Vineyard style | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The vineyard style is a term used for the design of a concert hall where the seating surrounds the stage, rising up in serried rows in the manner of the sloping terraces of a vineyard. It may be contrasted with the shoebox style, which has a rectangular auditorium and a stage at one end (as at the Musikverein). Other possibilities are the fan-shaped (as at the Barbican) and the arena (as at the Royal Albert Hall). The design might be considered a musical theatre in the round.[1][2][3] HistoryWhen faced with designing a new home for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra to replace Die alte Philharmonie, destroyed by bombing in 1944, architect Hans Scharoun observed that "people always gather in circles when listening to music informally".[3] His design won the ensuing competition, with Herbert von Karajan writing to the judges "of all the designs submitted, one seems to stand out above the others... founded on the principle that the performers should be in the middle... the deployment of the walls certainly makes good sense acoustically, but the most impressive of all is the complete concentration of the listener on the musical event".[4] Following the example of the Philharmonie, the first example in the New World was the Sala Nezahualcoyotl of 1976 in Mexico City.[5] The style is now found globally.[2] For the Philharmonie de Paris, the vineyard concept is extended with balconies rather than banked terraces.[6] Acoustics{{main|Acoustics|Architectural acoustics|Acoustical engineering}}Echoes occur when there is an audible gap between the direct sound and its reflection.[7] The walls surrounding the stage on which the seats are banked help provide the early reflections of sound from the side that are generally considered favourable.[8][3][2] Installation of acoustic reflectors is another way of solving the problem.[9] Notable examples
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v92/i1/p1_s1?isAuthorized=no |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120701163446/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v92/i1/p1_s1?isAuthorized=no |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-01 |title=Concert hall acoustics—1992 |author=Beranek, Leo L. |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=1–39 |year=1992 |bibcode=1992ASAJ...92....1B |doi=10.1121/1.404283 }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/richard-adams-blog/2011/jul/02/yasuhisa-toyota-vineyard-style-acoustics |title=Aspen Ideas Festival: How the vineyard style trumped the shoebox |author=Adams, Richard |work=The Guardian |date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/acoustics_info/concert_hall_acoustics/?content=shape |title=Concert Hall Acoustics: Art and Science |publisher=University of Salford |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title=Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music |author=Osborne, Richard |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1998 |isbn=1-55553-425-2 |pages=475f}} 5. ^{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v112/i5/p2255_s4?bypassSSO=1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708144211/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v112/i5/p2255_s4?bypassSSO=1 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-08 |title=The first vineyard concert hall in North America |author1=Jaffe, Christopher |author2=Rivera, Carlos |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=112 |issue=5 |pages=2255–2256 |year=2002 |bibcode=2002ASAJ..112.2255J |doi=10.1121/1.4778988 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.philharmoniedeparis.com/en/making-acoustic-choices-for-the-future-symphony-hall |title=Making acoustic choices for the future symphony hall |publisher=Philharmonie de Paris |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |editor=Sadie, Stanley |volume=1 |pages=70–97 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-517067-2}} 8. ^{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v81/iS1/pS52_s2?bypassSSO=1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120707115713/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v81/iS1/pS52_s2?bypassSSO=1 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-07 |title=Early lateral reflections in modern concert halls |author=Cremer, Lothar |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=52 |year=1987 |bibcode=1987ASAJ...81...52F |doi=10.1121/1.2024280 }} 9. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.acoustics.asn.au/conference_proceedings/ICA2010/cdrom-ISRA2010/Papers/O1d.pdf |title=Stage acoustics for vineyard concert hall |author=Wei-hwa Chiang (et al.) |year=2010 |journal=Proceedings of the International Symposium on Room Acoustics, ISRA 2010}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gewandhausorchester.de/en/gewandhaus/house/great-hall/|title=Great Hall|publisher=Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra|accessdate=17 February 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.suntory.com/culture-sports/suntoryhall/facilities/index.html |title=Suntory Hall - Facilities |publisher=Suntory Hall |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/factsheets/suntory.pdf |title=Suntory Hall |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/factsheets/sapporo.pdf |title=Sapporo Concert Hall |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/factsheets/wdch.pdf |title=Walt Disney Concert Hall |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s009 |title=Danish Radio Concert Hall, Copenhagen |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182537/http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s009 |archive-date=24 December 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 16. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturecritics/ivanhewett/4513954/The-new-Copenhagen-concert-hall-It-looks-seductive-and-sounds-terrific.html |title=The new Copenhagen concert hall: It looks seductive and sounds terrific |author=Hewett, Ivan |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=4 February 2009 |accessdate=4 March 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dr.dk/NR/rdonlyres/FB56B7C0-0401-46DA-AF2D-A1925E51DE2F/2523143/KH_hiring_jan2011.pdf |title=Koncerthuset - Presentation |publisher=Koncerthuset |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s008 |title=International Activities - Shenzhen Concert Hall's Symphony Hall, Shenzhen |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182537/http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s008 |archive-date=24 December 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 19. ^{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v123/i5/p2973_s4?bypassSSO=1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120701131911/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v123/i5/p2973_s4?bypassSSO=1 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-01 |title=Acoustical design of Shenzhen Concert Hall, Shenzhen China |author1=Oguchi Keiji |author2=Toyota Yasuhisa |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=2973 |year=2008 |bibcode=2008ASAJ..123.2973T |doi=10.1121/1.2932462 }} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s012 |title=International Activities - Helsinki Music Centre |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182537/http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s012 |archive-date=24 December 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=189905&nodeid=44496&culture |title=Helsinki's new Music Centre garners rave reviews |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland) |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.musiikkitalo.fi/web/en/concert-halls-and-other-spaces |title=Helsinki Music Centre Concert Halls and Other Spaces |publisher=Helsinki Music Centre |accessdate=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205135504/http://www.musiikkitalo.fi/web/en/concert-halls-and-other-spaces |archive-date=5 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.philharmoniedeparis.com/en/making-acoustic-choices-for-the-future-symphony-hall |title=Making acoustic choices for the future symphony hall |publisher=Philharmonie de Paris |accessdate=5 March 2012}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s015 |title=International Activities - Elbephilharmonie, Hamburg |publisher=Nagata Acoustics |accessdate=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182537/http://www.nagata.co.jp/e_sakuhin/kaigai.html#s015 |archive-date=24 December 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.elbphilharmonie-erleben.de/en/project/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118063916/http://www.elbphilharmonie-erleben.de/en/project/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=18 January 2012 |title=Elbphilharmonie - The Project |publisher=Elbphilharmonie |accessdate=5 March 2012 }} External links
2 : Architectural styles|Concert halls |
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