“Tsat language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tsat language

释义

Tonogenesis
Notes
References
External links

{{Infobox language
|name = Tsat
|states = China
|region = Hainan
|ethnicity = Utsul
|speakers = 4,000
|date = 2007
|ref = e18
|familycolor = Austronesian
|fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian
|fam3 = Malayo-Sumbawan (?)
|fam4 = Chamic
|fam5 = Highlands
|fam6 = Northern Chamic
|iso3 = huq
|glotto=tsat1238
|glottorefname=Tsat
}}

Tsat, also known as Utsat, Utset, Hainan Cham, or Huíhuī ({{zh|s=回辉语|t=回輝語|p=Huíhuīyǔ}}), is a language spoken by 4,500 Utsul people in Yanglan ({{zh|羊栏}}) and Huixin ({{zh|回新}}) villages near Sanya, Hainan, China. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is one of the Chamic languages originating on the coast of present-day Vietnam.

Unusually for an Austronesian language, Tsat has developed into a solidly tonal language, probably as a result of areal linguistic effects and contact with the diverse tonal languages spoken on Hainan including varieties of Chinese such as Hainanese and Standard Chinese, Tai–Kadai languages such as the Hlai languages, and Hmong–Mien languages such as Kim Mun.^[1]

Tonogenesis

Hainan Cham tones correspond to various Proto-Chamic sounds.^[2]

Hainan Cham Tonogenesis
Tone value (Hainan Cham)	Type of tone (Hainan Cham)	Proto-Chamic final sound
55	High	-h, -s; PAN *-q
42	Falling	-p, -t, -k, -c, -ʔ; -ay Voiced final: default
24	Rising	-p, -t, -k, -c, -ʔ; -ay Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate initial
11	Low	Vowels and nasals Voiced final: default
33	Mid	Vowels and nasals Voiceless final: voiced stop / affricate initial

Notes

1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBGYb84A7SAC&pg=PA230&dq=tsat+li#v=onepage&q=tsat%20li&f=false|title=From ancient Cham to modern dialects: two thousand years of language contact and change : with an appendix of Chamic reconstructions and loanwords|author=Graham Thurgood|year=1999|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|edition=|location=|page=239|isbn=0-8248-2131-9|pages=|accessdate=2011-05-15}}
2. ^Thurgood, Graham. 1993. "Phan Rang Cham and Utsat: Tonogenetic themes and variants." In Jerold A. Edmondson and Kenneth J. Gregerson (eds.), Tonality in Austronesian languages, 91-106. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 24. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

References

{{cite book|url=|title=Tonality in Austronesian languages|author=Jerold A. Edmondson|year=1993|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|edition=illustrated|location=|page=|isbn=0-8248-1530-0|pages=}}

External links

{{cite web

| url = http://www.public.asu.edu/~aperez7/TONALITY.html
| title = Tonality in Phan Rang Cham and Tsat
| accessdate = 2006-12-22
| last = Pérez Pereiro
| first = Alberto
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060320070439/http://www.public.asu.edu/~aperez7/TONALITY.html
| archivedate = 2006-03-20
}}

Recent papers on Tsat

4 : Hainan|Languages of China|Tonal languages|Chamic languages

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