| 词条 | Tsinghua University | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tsinghua University | native_name = {{lang|zh-hans|清华大学}} | image = Tsinghua University Logo.svg | image_size = 180px | motto = {{lang|zh-hans|自强不息、厚德载物}}[1] | mottoeng = Self-Discipline and Social Commitment[2] | established = 1911 | type = Public | endowment = | chancellor = | president = Qiu Yong[3] | provost = | head_label = Party Secretary | head = Chen Xu[4] | students = 36,300[5] | undergrad = 15,570 | postgrad = 19,311 | city = Haidian District, Beijing | country = People's Republic of China | campus = Urban, {{convert|395|ha}} | free_label = Flower[6] | free = Redbud and Lilac | athletics = | colors = Purple and White {{color box|#73649B}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}}[7] | mascot = Curator the Scholar Cat (unofficial mascot)[8] | website = {{URL|tsinghua.edu.cn}} | logo = | faculty = 3,133 | staff = 4,101 | affiliations = AEARU, APRU, C9, BRICS Universities League, Transparency International[9] }}{{Infobox Chinese|t=清華大學|s=清华大学|p=Qīnghuá Dàxué|w=Ch'ing1-hua2 Ta4-hsüeh2|mi={{IPAc-cmn|q|ing|1|.|h|ua|2|-|d|a|4|.|x|üe|2}}|j=Cing1-waa4 Daai6-hok6|y=Chīng-wàah Daaih-hohk|ci={{IPAc-yue|c|ing|1|.|w|aa|4|-|d|aai|6|.|h|ok|6}}|order=st}}Tsinghua University (abbreviated THU; {{zh|s=清华大学}}; also romanized as Qinghua) is a major research university in Beijing, and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities.[10][11][12][13][14][15]{{Excessive citations inline |date=March 2019}} Since its establishment in 1911, it has graduated numerous Chinese leaders in politics, business, academia, and culture.[16][17] Reflecting its motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua University is dedicated to academic excellence, advancing the well-being of Chinese society, and global development.[18] Tsinghua is perennially ranked as one of the top academic institutions in China, Asia, and worldwide, and was recognized as the 14th best university in the 2017 Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings.[11][12][13][14][15][19]{{Excessive citations inline |date=March 2019}} Since 2015, Tsinghua has been ranked as the best engineering and computer science school in the world based on factors including total research output and performance.[20][21][22][23][24]{{Excessive citations inline |date=March 2019}} Tsinghua is a Class A institution in the Double First Class University Plan.[25] History{{Main|History of Tsinghua University}}{{Further|Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program}}Early 20th century (1911–1949)Tsinghua University was established in Beijing, during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion, an anti-imperialist uprising against foreign influence in China. After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States, the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members. US Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US$30 million Boxer indemnity allotted the United States was excessive. After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng, US President Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US$10.8 million, on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College ({{zh|labels=no |t=清華學堂 |p=Qīnghuá Xuétáng}}) was established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States.[26] Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States, and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. The motto of Tsinghua, Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao, in which he quoted the I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman.[27] In 1925, the school established its own four-year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies.[28][29][30][31][32] In 1928, Tsinghua changed its name to National Tsing Hua University (NTHU). During the Second Sino-Japanese War, many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid the Japanese invasion. In 1937, Tsinghua University, along with neighboring Peking University and Nankai University, merged to form the Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, which later became the National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming, Yunnan province. With the surrender of occupying Japanese forces at the end of World War II, Tsinghua University resumed operations in Beijing.[33][34][35][36][37] Later 20th century (post-1949)After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of the People's Republic of China. Tsinghua University President Mei Yiqi, along with many professors, fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government. They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University.[38][39][39][40] In 1952, the Communist Party of China regrouped the country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study, such as social sciences or natural sciences.[41] Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences.[42] From 1966 to 1976, China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution. Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions, and some went on to join the Red Guards, resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach.[43][44] It was not until 1978, after the Cultural Revolution ended, that the university began to take in students and re-emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society.[45] In the 1980s, Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment.[46] Under this system, several schools have been re-incorporated, including Tsinghua Law School, the School of Economics and Management, the School of Sciences, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Public Policy and Management, and the Academy of Arts and Design. In 1996, the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One year later, Tsinghua and MIT began the MBA program known as the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA. In 1997, Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws (LLM) program in American law, through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law. 21st centurySince resuming operations in 1978, Tsinghua University has re-established itself among the most elite Chinese universities. It is affiliated with the C9 League and it has been selected to participate in the Double First Class University Plan. Most national and international university rankings consistently place Tsinghua among the best universities in Greater China, Asia, and worldwide.[47][48][49] Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Paramount Leader of China, Xi Jinping '79, who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering, along with the CPC General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao '64, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering. In addition to its powerful alumni, Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers, with international leaders Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Henry Kissinger, Carlos Ghosn, Park Geun-hye, and Henry Paulson having lectured to the university community.[50] As of 2018, Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories.[51] In September 2006, the Peking Union Medical College, a renowned medical school, was renamed "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University" although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions.[52] The university operates the Tsinghua University Press, which publishes academic journals, textbooks, and other scholarly works. Through its constituent colleges, graduate and professional schools, and other institutes, Tsinghua University offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs and 107 PhD programs. The university has consistently pursued innovation in undergraduate and graduate education through partnerships with foreign universities and the creation of new colleges and high-profile scholarship programs. In 2014, Tsinghua established Xinya College, a residential liberal arts college, as a pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university. Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe, Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition, featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages. Furthermore, while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose a specific major upon entrance, Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year, enabling them to explore several different fields of study.[53] Tsinghua University is also aggressively pursuing greater recognition on the global stage by attracting and funding talented international graduate students. Established in 2013 with a US$300 million endowment and modeled after the Rhodes Scholarship, the Schwarzman Scholars program annually selects and funds 200 scholars enrolled in one-year master's degree programs in Public Policy, International Relations, Engineering, Economics & Business. These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College, a residential college built specifically for the program.[54][55] In 2016, Tsinghua's expenditures were RMB 13.7 billion (US$3.57 billion at purchasing power parity), the largest budget of any university in China.[56] AcademicsTsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs, and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering a broad range of subjects,[57] including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, law, medicine.[58] Along with its membership in the C9 League, Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities, and the Association of East Asian Research Universities, a 17-member research collaboration network of top regional institutions. AdmissionsAdmission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools is extremely competitive. Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao, the Chinese national college entrance exam, which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices. While selectivity varies by province, the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0.1% of all test takers.[59] Tsinghua University commands a very high rate of matriculation for accepted undergraduates. According to a report in 2008, 215 out of 300 students who placed within the top 10 in the 30 tested provinces and regions chose Tsinghua as their first choice school, and 21 out of the 30 top scorers in each province and region chose the university.[60] Admission to Tsinghua's graduate schools is also very competitive. Only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each year.[61] ResearchResearch at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects. In the areas of science and technology, funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan, which subsidizes more than 1,400 projects every year conducted by the university. With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology, research at Tsinghua is projected to receive more financial support from the state.[62] Each year, the University hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord, New Hampshire. Rankings{{Infobox world university ranking| USNEWS_W = 50 | USNEWS_W_ref = [63] | QS_W = 17 | QS_W_ref = [64] | THE_W = 22 | THE_W_ref = [65] | THE_A = 2 | THE_A_ref = [66] | QS_A = 3 | QS_A_ref = [67] | ARWU_W = 45 | ARWU_W_ref = [68] | QS_BRICS = 1 | QS_BRICS_ref = [69] |QS_Employability=9|QS_Employability_ref=[70] | BCUR_CHN = 1 | BCUR_CHN_ref = [71] | CUAA_CHN = 2 | CUAA_CHN_ref = [72] }} According to most domestic and international rankings, Tsinghua University is consistently recognized as one of the top two universities in mainland China along with its neighboring institution and rival Peking University. For example, the Netbig Chinese university rankings gave Tsinghua 1st in 2008, 2009 and 2010,[73] while it was awarded 2nd by the China Education Center for those years.[47] Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the 2017 Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where it was ranked 14th globally.[74] In 2013, Tsinghua also topped the newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings.[75] In 2015, US News and World Report Best Global University Ranking ranked Tsinghua at 4th in Asia and 59th globally.[76] For sciences in general, the 2018 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University at 6th in the world for the time period 2013-2016.[77] In 2014, it was ranked 23rd in the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects for Engineering and Technology, which are historical strengths for Tsinghua.[78] Since 2015, Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U.S. News & World Report.[79][21] List of university departments and institutions{{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}}
Department of Electrical Engineering{{unreferenced section|date=April 2018}}The department of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University plays a pioneer role in state power grid of China. The research focus of the department include following areas.
Department of Mathematical SciencesDepartment of Mathematical Sciences (DMS) was established in 1927. In 1952, Tsinghua DMS was merged with the Peking University Department of Mathematical Sciences. Then in 1979 it was renamed "Department of Applied Mathematics", and renamed again in 1999 to its current title. Tsinghua DMS has three institutes at present, the institute of Pure Mathematics which has 27 faculty members, the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Probability and Statistics which has 27 faculty members, and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Operations Research which has 20 faculty members. There are currently about 400 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students. Department of Precision InstrumentThe Department of Precision Instrument was called the Department of Precision Instrument and Machine Manufacturing in 1960 when it was separated out from the Department of Machine Manufacturing to be an independent department. Later, in 1971, it was renamed the Department of Precision Instrument.[116] The mission of the Department of Precision Instrument at Tsinghua University, as its dean said, is "supporting the national development and improving the people’s well-being."[117] ResearchResearch in the Department of Precision Instrument is divided to four main parts, led by its four research institutes: the Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, the Institute of Instrument Science and Technology, the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology, and the Center for Photonics and Electronics.[118] At the same time, the Department of Precision Instrument has three key laboratories: the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, and the Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System. It also has two national engineering research centers, which are the National Engineering Research Center of Optical Disk and the CIMS National Engineering Research Center.[116] The Institute of Opto-electronic EngineeringThe Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering (IOEE) was established in 1958. It obtained the Chinese government's authorization to offer PhD program in 1981 and the approval to build the post-doctoral research site in 1988. The research of the IOEE covers opto-electronic instruments, precision metrology and measurement, modern optical information processing, the theory and components of binary optics, and the birefringent frequency-splitting lasers. Several famous scientists work in the IOEE, including Professor Guofan Jin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Professor Kegong zhao, formerly the president of the Chinese National Institute of Metrology.[119] The Institute of Instrument Science and TechnologyThe Institute of Instrument Science and Technology is the most important institute in the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument Science at Tsinghua University. The institute is equipped with advanced instruments and facilities, and its research has included every major area in modern instrument science and technology.Up to 2012, the institute have produced over 1500 publications, more than 100 patents, and acquired many significant awards.[120] The Engineering Research Center for Navigation TechnologyThe Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000, with the intention to "[pursue] excellence in the research and development in the field of high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields, and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology." Its research interests cover high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, MEMS inertial sensors and systems, and precise electro-mechanical control systems and their application. As of 2012, the area of the center is 2900 square meters, including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms. Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB ($7.56 million USD).[121] The Center for Photonics and ElectronicsThe Center for Photonics and Electronics works on advanced laser and photonic technology. It houses 200 square meters of clean rooms and very modern laser instruments and equipment. The research of this Center covers solid-state laser technology, fiber laser technology, active optics technology, and laser detection technology. The Center has published lots of papers, and also has partnerships with many domestic or international companies and research institutes.[122] The State Key Laboratory of TribologyUnder the authorization of China's State Planning Commission and Ministry of Education, the State Key Laboratory of Tribology (SKLT) was established in November, 1988. The present director of the SKLT is Professor Yonggang Meng, and the present chair of the Academic Committee of the SKLT is Professor Jue Zhong, who is also a member of Chinese Academy of Engineering. The SKLT has one central laboratory and 4 sub-laboratories. It has been awarded numerous awards, including "two National Natural Science Awards, two National Invention Awards, one National Award for Science and Technology Progress, two National Excellent Science Book Awards, 25 awards from ministries or provinces of China, Edmond E. Bisson Award in 2003 from STLE, the 2008 PE Publishing Prize by the Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Engineering Tribology." Moreover, China's Ministry of Education recognized the SKLT as one of the creative groups in 2005, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China recognized the SKLT as one of the creative research groups in 2007.[123] The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsEstablished in 1995, The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments is a joint laboratory of Tsinghua University and Tianjin University. It is a national key laboratory with two recognized national first-level key disciplines and their second-class disciplines. The research of The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments can be categorized into four major parts: laser and optoelectric measurement technology, sensing and information measurement technology, micro- and nano- measurement and fabrication technology, and quality control in manufacturing technology.[124] The Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and SystemThe Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System was established with the intention to support the research in the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology. Since its establishment, it has won five prizes and published a large quantity of papers.[125] EducationCurrently, there are two disciplines in the Department of Precision Instrument: the discipline of the instrumental science and technology of precision instrument and mechanology and the discipline of optical engineering.[116] There are six teaching laboratories or centers which serve significant roles in undergraduate and graduate education in the Department of Precision Instrument. They are:
The Department provides more than 40 courses of the undergraduate level and 25 courses of the graduate level.[127] As of 2012, 284 undergraduates, 152 postgraduates, and 219 doctoral students were studying or working in the Department. School of Life SciencesSchool of Life Sciences was first established in 1926 under the name Department of Biology. Botanist Qian Chongshu took up the first dean. During the nationwide reorganization of universities in the early 1950s, the Department of Biology was merged into other universities, namely Peking University etc.,resulting in a vacancy in the field of biological research in Tsinghua for almost 30 years. In June 1984, decisions were made about the reestablishment of the Department of Biology, and the department officially reopened in September. During the reestablishment the Department of Biology of Peking University, the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and many other institutes as well as biologists provided valuable support and help. The department changed its name to the current name in September 2009. As of 2013, structural biologist and foreign associate of National Academy of Sciences of United States[128] Dr. Yigong Shi is the current dean of School of Life Sciences. The school currently has 38 professors, around 600 undergraduates (including the candidates of Tsinghua University - Peking Union Medical College joint MD program) and 200 graduate students. Peking Union Medical CollegeThe Peking Union Medical College was established in 1917 by the Rockefeller Foundation and was modeled on the US medical education system. Tsinghua first established its medical school in 2001 and in 2006, Tsinghua's medical school merged with the Peking Union Medical College renaming it Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University. The school remains the top ranked medical school and general hospital in China according to CUCAS in 2015.[129] The Peking Union Medical College is also the only medical school to be affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. It runs one of the most competitive medical programs in the country, accepting 90 students a year into its 8-year MD program. Students in the 8-year program spend 2.5 years at Tsinghua studying basic sciences before moving onto Peking Union Medical College to complete the last 5.5 years in clinical medicine. School of Journalism and CommunicationThe Tsinghua School of Journalism and Communication (TSJC) was established in April 2002. Its predecessor was Communication Studies in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and its establishment of coincides with the development of media increasingly influencing world affairs in a time of fast-growing globalization. The school's research fields include International Communication, Film and Television Studies, New Media Studies, Media Operation and Management, and Business Journalism and are based on comprehensive academic research in journalism and communication theories. The objective of the school is to bring full advantage of Tsinghua University's comprehensive academic structure to Chinese and international media, to construct a first-rate discipline in journalism and communication studies, to cultivate talented professionals in the field and to explore advanced concepts in journalism and communication. The school also offers a two-year graduate program in international business journalism, sponsored by Bloomberg L.P. and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), that trains talented students and media professionals from around the globe in financial media and corporate communication.[130] The school has five research-oriented centers to organize and conduct academic research activities. They are: Center for International Communications Studies, Center for New Media Studies, Center for Film and Television Studies, Center for Media Management Studies and Center for Cultural Industry Studies.[130] School of LawThe legal studies at Tsinghua University can be dated back to the "Tsinghua College" era (1911-1929), where many students were sent to universities in western countries for legal studies. Graduating from institutions such as Columbia, Yale, and Harvard, those Tsinghua alumni have played an important role in areas of law and diplomacy. Famous legal scholars Tuan-Sheng Ch'ien, Yan Shutang (燕树棠), Wang Huacheng (王化成), Kung Chuan Hsiao (萧公权), Pu Xuefeng (浦薛凤), Mei Ju'ao (梅汝璈), Xiang Zhejun (向哲浚) and diplomat Tang Yueliang (唐悦良)[131] are all graduates from Tsinghua College or went to study abroad after passing exams in Tsinghua College. Tsinghua University School of Law was established in 1929 after Tsinghua College was renamed Tsinghua University. Legal education in Tsinghua University at the time focused on international affairs and Chinese legal studies. Courses on political science and economics could also be found on students' curriculum. Before the Japanese army invaded Beijing in 1937, the School of Law developed greatly. Many Chinese legal scholars graduated during that era, including Wang Tieya (王铁崖), Gong Xiangrui (龚祥瑞) and Lou Bangyan (楼邦彦).[132] In 1952, in response to the government policy of turning Tsinghua University into an engineering-focused university, the law school was dismissed; the faculty were appointed to other universities, including Peking University and Peking College of Political Science and Law (the predecessor of China University of Political Science and Law).[133] Until 1995, there was no formal "school of law" at Tsinghua University, yet courses on the law were still taught in Tsinghua University. On September 8, 1995, the Tsinghua University Department of Law was formally re-established; on April 25, 1999, the 88th anniversary of Tsinghua University, the university formally changed the Department into the "School of Law". The "new" law school inherited the spirit of the "old" law school and has endeavored to add international factors to its students' curriculum. Due to its outstanding faculty members and students, the Tsinghua University School of Law has risen to become one of the leading law schools in China and since 2012, has been consistently ranked as the best or the second-best law school in mainland China by QS World University Rankings.[134] Graduate School at ShenzhenThe Graduate School at Shenzhen was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government. The school is directly affiliated with Tsinghua University in Beijing. The campus is located in the University Town of Shenzhen since 18 October 2003.[135] The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, was jointly founded by Tsinghua University and the Shenzhen Municipal Government for cultivating top level professionals and carrying out scientific and technological innovations. Academic divisions:
Student lifeStudent associationsTsinghua University has more than 110 student associations covering five domains: science and technology, physical training, humanities, arts and public welfare. To name a few: Students' Association for Global Affairs (SAGA), Student Association of Educational Poverty Alleviation (SAEPA) and the Students' Performing Arts Club, Zijing Volunteer Service, Rural International Student Exchange (RISE), Students' Association of Science & Technology, Photography Association, Foreign Languages Association, Association of Student International Communication (ASIC), etc. International students are encouraged to participate in various extracurricular activities and join the student associations of the University. FSAO also organizes extracurricular activities for international students, including welcome party for new students, New Year’s party, graduation party, visits to Chinese cultural and historical destinations, sports competitions, etc. CampusThe campus of Tsinghua University is located in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district which was designated for universities and other academic institutes. It is located on the former site of Qing Dynasty royal gardens and retains Chinese-style landscaping as well as traditional buildings, but many of its buildings are also in the Western-style, reflecting the American influence in its history. Along with its rival and neighbor the Peking University, it is known throughout China and the wider world for having one of the most beautiful campuses. Tsinghua University's campus was named one of the most beautiful college campuses in the world by a panel of architects and campus designers in Forbes in 2010;[138] it was the only university in Asia on the list.[139][140] T. Chuang, a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, helped design the campus grounds of the Tsinghua University with influences of American architectural style and architectures.[141] The University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology is on a separate campus in a northern suburb of Beijing. The Tsinghua History Museum covers a construction area of 5,060 m².[142] A collection of old documents, pictures, artworks, maps, graphics, videos and music tells the visitors the history of Tsinghua University. The exhibition also pays tribute to people who contributed to the prestige and development of the institution. People{{Main|People associated with Tsinghua University}}Tsinghua University has produced many notable graduates, especially in political sphere, academic field and industry.[143] Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities.[144] These include former General Secretary, president Hu Jintao, the current Party General Secretary Xi Jinping, the former chairman of the National People's Congress Wu Bangguo, former premier Zhu Rongji, and the former first vice premier Huang Ju. Tsinghua also has two Nobel Prize winners, Tsung-Dao Lee and Yang Chen Ning. The latter is currently residing on Tsinghua campus. Qinghua cliqueThe term Qinghua clique refers to a group of Communist Chinese politicians that have graduated from Tsinghua University. They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold reformist and hesitantly pro-democratic ideas (a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang). In the PRC, their ascendance to power began in 2008 at the 17th National Congress of the CPC.[145] See also{{Portal|Beijing|University}}
Note1. ^{{Cite web |url = http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/newthu_cnt/about/about-2.html |script-title=zh:学校沿革 |language=zh-hans |publisher = Tsinghua U. |accessdate = 14 July 2014}} 2. ^{{Cite web |url = http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/newthuen_cnt/about-th/about-1.html |title = General Information |publisher = Tsinghua U. |accessdate = 14 July 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040939/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/newthuen_cnt/about-th/about-1.html |archive-date = 15 July 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all }} 3. ^{{cite web |script-title=zh:邱勇接替陈吉宁任清华大学校长，已在校工作学习30余年|url=http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1314938|accessdate=2016-10-20 |author=吴耀谦 |date=2015-03-26 |publisher=澎湃新闻}} 4. ^{{cite web |script-title=zh:现任领导|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/newthu_cnt/about/about-5.html|accessdate=2016-12-16 | publisher = Tsinghua University}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/tsinghua-university|title=Tsinghua University|date=16 July 2015|website=topuniversities.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 6. ^{{Cite web | author = Tsinghua University |accessdate=2017-04-29 |date=2016-03-03 |script-title=zh:清華大學章程 | location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Alumni Association | url = http://www.tsinghua.org.cn/publish/alumni/4000386/10090326.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429125345/http://www.tsinghua.org.cn/publish/alumni/4000386/10090326.html| language= zh|archivedate=2017-04-29| quote ={{lang|zh-hans|校花为紫荆花(Cercis chinensis)及丁香花(紫丁香Syringa oblata、白丁香Syringa oblate Var.alba)。}}}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://100.tsinghua.edu.cn/cn/infoSingleArticle.do?articleId=13864&columnId=171 |script-title=zh:校标、校徽、校色|accessdate=2010-11-01|author=清华大学百年校庆组织委员会办公室|year=2010|work=清华大学百年校庆网| publisher = Tsinghua University|pages=|language=zh|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121129055618/http://100.tsinghua.edu.cn/cn/infoSingleArticle.do?articleId=13864&columnId=171|archivedate=29 November 2012|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2013/07/10/tsinghua_university_library_cat_curator_allegedly_scalded_to_death/|title=Tsinghua University cat allegedly murdered in boiling water attack|accessdate=2018-06-29|author=Hui Zhongwu|year=2013}} 9. ^https://www.transparency.org/country/CHN#chapterInfo 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-china|title=Best universities in China 2018 |work=Times Higher Education|date=6 September 2017}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|author =|url = http://www.chinaeducenter.com/en/universityranking1.php|title = University in China. China Education Center|publisher = Chinaeducenter.com|accessdate = 2012-04-22}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.china-university-ranking.com/|title = 2009 China University Ranking|publisher = China-university-ranking.com|date = 2008-12-24|accessdate = 2012-04-22|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120213193804/http://www.china-university-ranking.com/|archivedate = 13 February 2012|df = dmy-all}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://gse.sjtu.edu.cn/kxyj/articles/en/ELW2005003--Univ%20ranking%20in%20China%202005%20HEE_30_02%20p10.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080910083322/http://gse.sjtu.edu.cn/kxyj/articles/en/ELW2005003--Univ%20ranking%20in%20China%202005%20HEE_30_02%20p10.pdf|dead-url = yes|archive-date = 2008-09-10|title = Univ ranking in China 200|format = PDF|accessdate = 2012-04-22}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking|title = World University Rankings 2014-15|work = Times Higher Education|accessdate = 15 July 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/|title = World University Rankings|work = Top Universities|accessdate = 15 July 2015}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/the-rise-of-a-new-tsinghua-clique-in-chinese-politics/|title=The Rise of a New Tsinghua Clique in Chinese Politics|last=Diplomat|first=Bo Zhiyue, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2018-06-29|language=en-US}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2144741/how-chinas-mit-drives-countrys-tech-ambitions|title=How ‘China’s MIT’ drives the country’s technology ambitions|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-06-29|language=en}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng/about.jsp?boardid=32&bid2=3201&pageno=1 |title=Introduction of Tsinghua University |publisher=Tsinghua.edu.cn |accessdate=22 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401121749/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng/about.jsp?boardid=32&bid2=3201&pageno=1 |archivedate=1 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|title=World Reputation Rankings|date=2017-06-05|work=Times Higher Education (THE)|access-date=2017-09-06|language=en}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Tone|first1=Sixth|title=Tsinghua Named World’s Best Engineering, Computer Science School|url=http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1001057/tsinghua-named-worlds-best-engineering%2C-computer-science-school|work=Sixth Tone|date=2017|language=en}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/engineering |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-10-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025131649/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/engineering |archivedate=25 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }} 22. ^{{cite news|last1=Sonnad|first1=Nikhil|title=The real reason a Chinese university has beaten MIT in the engineering rankings|url=https://qz.com/522471/the-real-reason-chinese-universities-are-climbing-the-ranks-in-engineering-and-beat-out-mit/|work=Quartz}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Sonmez|first1=Felicia|title=Chinese University Tops MIT in Engineering Rankings|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2015/10/08/chinese-university-tops-mit-in-engineering-rankings/|work=WSJ|date=8 October 2015}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Tolan|first1=Casey|title=A Chinese university just topped MIT as the best engineering school in the world: U.S. News|url=https://splinternews.com/a-chinese-university-just-topped-mit-as-the-best-engine-1793851565|work=Splinter}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/moe_843/201709/t20170921_314942.html |script-title=zh:教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知|trans-title=Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines}} 26. ^{{cite book|title=University autonomy, the state, and social change in China|author=Su-Yan Pan|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2009|page=68|isbn=978-962-209-936-4}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/9350/2015/20150128170309534478371/20150128170309534478371_.html|title=Tsinghua Motto: Carved on every Tsinghua People|website=Tsinghua University|accessdate=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109021501/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/9350/2015/20150128170309534478371/20150128170309534478371_.html|archive-date=9 November 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 28. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ziwzx.com/htm/zwzl/wxs/2014/0417/1810.html |script-title=zh:美国退还庚子赔款的真相|accessdate=2010-11-14|author=王小石 |date=2014-12-24 |work=紫网在线 |publisher=西征网 |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002859/http://www.ziwzx.com/htm/zwzl/wxs/2014/0417/1810.html |archivedate=2016-03-05 }} 29. ^{{Cite book | author = 黄延复 |script-title=zh:清华园风物志| location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press | date = 2005 | pages = 20–23 |ISBN =978-730-21155-4-0| accessdate = 2016-11-21 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PmiOHknGA6kC&lpg=PP1&hl=zh-CN&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false| language= zh| quote = }} 30. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nthu.edu.tw/intro/aboutnthu4-1.php |script-title=zh:校史：北京清华时期 |accessdate=2010-11-05 |author=国立清华大学 |publisher=国立清华大学官网 |language=zh-tw |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410200920/http://www.nthu.edu.tw/intro/aboutnthu4-1.php |archivedate=2016-04-10}} 31. ^{{cite journal |author = |date= 1934 |script-title=zh:校史概略|journal=清华周刊 |volume= |issue=13-14 |pages=1–3 |id= |doi= |url= |format=|issn=|language=zh-hk }} 32. ^{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=L-hMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT5&lpg=PT5&dq=1925%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%8C%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E9%83%A8%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E3%80%82&source=bl&ots=PNMrziXbXy&sig=9-EBga1JZZYesDaoEbPIN_K-b20&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAjrORsOfPAhXlrlQKHdBODBIQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=1925%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%8C%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E9%83%A8%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E3%80%82&f=false|author=吴清军|date= 2014-08-18|script-title=zh:清华传奇|volume= |issue= |pages=3–4| location = | publisher =南文博雅}} 33. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/10008/2015/20150901153543912658760/20150901153543912658760_.html |script-title=zh:图说清华抗战那些事儿（二）辗转西南，离乱弦歌不辍 |accessdate=2016-11-19 |author=《新清华》编辑部 |work=清华新闻网 |publisher=清华大学党委宣传部 [Tsinghua University CCP Committee Department of Propaganda] |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119144539/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/10008/2015/20150901153543912658760/20150901153543912658760_.html|archivedate=2016-11-19}} 34. ^{{Cite book | author =方惠坚，张思敬 |script-title=zh:清华大学志（下册）[M] | location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press | date = 2001 | pages = 677–698|ISBN =7-302-04319-1| accessdate = | url = | language= zh| quote = }} 35. ^{{Cite web |url=http://archives.lib.nthu.edu.tw/history/history03.html |script-title=zh:校史：西南联大时期 |accessdate=2010-11-05 |author=國立清華大學圖書館 |work=國立清華大學數位校史館 |publisher=国立清华大学 |language=zh-tw |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914085251/http://archives.lib.nthu.edu.tw/history/history03.html |archivedate=2016-09-14 }} 36. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4216/2011/20110225232152687658240/20110225232152687658240_.html |script-title=zh:复员之后的国立清华大学 |accessdate=2010-11-05 |author=金富军 |date=2009-03-07 |work=清華大學新聞網 |publisher=清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research] |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017020522/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4216/2011/20110225232152687658240/20110225232152687658240_.html|archivedate=2013-10-17}} 37. ^{{cite journal |author =梅贻琦 |date= 1994 |script-title=zh:复原后之清华 |journal=清华大学史料选编 |volume=4 |issue= |pages=33 | location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press |id= |doi= |url= |format=|issn= }} 38. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4216/2011/20110225232154078932151/20110225232154078932151_.html |script-title=zh:清华校史连载之十一：迎接中华人民共和国诞生 |accessdate=2010-10-01 |author=金富军 |date=2009-03-07 |work= |publisher=清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research] |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017015616/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4216/2011/20110225232154078932151/20110225232154078932151_.html|archivedate= 2013-10-17 }} 39. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://archives.lib.nthu.edu.tw/history/history04.html |script-title=zh:国立清华大学校史：新竹清华时期|accessdate=2010-11-05 |work=國立清華大學數位校史館 |publisher=国立清华大学 |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914090715/http://archives.lib.nthu.edu.tw/history/history04.html|archivedate= 2016-09-14 }} 40. ^{{Cite book | author =方惠坚，张思敬 |script-title=zh:清华大学志（下册）[M] | location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press | date = 2001 | pages = 698–701|ISBN =7-302-04319-1| accessdate = | url = | language= zh| quote = }} 41. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thunews/9668/2011/20110225232154625362272/20110225232154625362272_.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155431/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thunews/9668/2011/20110225232154625362272/20110225232154625362272_.html |script-title=zh:清华校史连载之十二：面向工业化建设的院系调整|author=史 轩 |date=2008-10-29|work=清华新闻网 |publisher=清华大学校史研究室 [Tsinghua University Office of university research] |accessdate=2016-09-13|archivedate=2016-09-13}} 42. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thu2018en/newthuen_cnt/01-about-1.html|title=Tsinghua University|website=www.tsinghua.edu.cn|access-date=2018-06-29}} 43. ^{{cite journal |author =霞飞 |date=2012-11-22 |script-title=zh:红卫兵"五大领袖"浮沉录之二：蒯大富|journal=党史博采(纪实|archivedate=2016-09-18 |url= http://www.jianzi103.com/flash/yinle/2012-11-18/3485.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918091829/http://www.jianzi103.com/flash/yinle/2012-11-18/3485.html|issn=1006-8031 }} 44. ^{{Cite book | author = 纪希晨 |script-title=zh:史无前例的年代: 一位人民日报老记者的笔记| location = Beijing | publisher = 人民日报出版社 |year= 2001 | pages = 66 |ISBN =7-80153-370-4| accessdate = 2016-11-22 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vt7BDAEACAAJ&dq=%E5%8F%B2%E6%97%A0%E5%89%8D%E4%BE%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTyv2N1rzQAhXDq5QKHUHJCtAQ6AEIGzAA | language= zh| quote = }} 45. ^{{Cite book | author =方惠坚，张思敬 |script-title=zh:清华大学志（下册）（M） | location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press | year = 2001 | pages = 781–785|ISBN =7-302-04319-1| url = | language= zh| quote = }} 46. ^{{cite news |author=王大中 |script-title=zh:建设世界一流大学的战略思考与实践——在一流大学建设的理论与实践学术研讨会上的讲话|url=http://xuewen.cnki.net/CCND-XQHB201103110020.html |work=北京清华大学|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914092707/http://xuewen.cnki.net/CCND-XQHB201103110020.html|publisher=中国学术期刊 |accessdate=2010-11-05|archivedate=2016-09-14|language=zh}} 47. ^1 {{cite web|author = |url = http://www.chinaeducenter.com/en/universityranking1.php|title = University in China. China Education Center|publisher = Chinaeducenter.com|accessdate = 22 April 2012}} 48. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.china-university-ranking.com/|title = 2009 China University Ranking|publisher = China-university-ranking.com|date = 24 December 2008|accessdate = 22 April 2012|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120213193804/http://www.china-university-ranking.com/|archivedate = 13 February 2012|df = dmy-all}} 49. ^{{cite journal|url = http://gse.sjtu.edu.cn/kxyj/articles/en/ELW2005003--Univ%20ranking%20in%20China%202005%20HEE_30_02%20p10.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080910083322/http://gse.sjtu.edu.cn/kxyj/articles/en/ELW2005003--Univ%20ranking%20in%20China%202005%20HEE_30_02%20p10.pdf|dead-url = yes|archive-date = 10 September 2008|title = University Rankings in China|volume = 2|issue = 30|date = 2 July 2005|journal = Higher Education in Europe|format = PDF|accessdate = 22 April 2012}} 50. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327075430/http://mba.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/Portals/1/Containers/Tsinghua%20SEM%20International%20MBA%20Program.pdf|date=27 March 2009}} 51. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thu2018en/newthuen_cnt/01-about-6.html|title=Tsinghua University|website=www.tsinghua.edu.cn|access-date=2018-06-29}} 52. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng__news.php?id=1210 |title=Inauguration Ceremony for Newly Named Peking Union Medical College， Tsinghua University |publisher=News.tsinghua.edu.cn |accessdate=22 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215221633/http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng__news.php?id=1210 |archivedate=15 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 53. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/xinya/10636/index.html# |script-title=zh:清华大学新雅书院|website=www.tsinghua.edu.cn|access-date=2018-06-29}} 54. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thunews/9650/2016/20160510170252588389687/20160510170252588389687_.html |script-title=zh:清华苏世民书院：以培养未来世界领袖为目标 打造国际化人才|date=2016-05-10|work=清华新闻网|accessdate=2017-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225213815/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thunews/9650/2016/20160510170252588389687/20160510170252588389687_.html|archivedate=2017-02-25|publisher=新華教育}} 55. ^{{Cite news|url=http://finance.qq.com/a/20130422/005627.htm |script-title=zh:黑石创始人苏世民对华捐3亿美元办学|date=2013-04-22|accessdate=2016-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921152326/http://finance.qq.com/a/20130422/005627.htm|archivedate=2016-09-21|publisher=腾讯财经9}} 56. ^{{cite news|last1=Usher|first1=Alex|title=Some Notes on the Finances of Top Chinese Universities|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/world-view/some-notes-finances-top-chinese-universities|accessdate=3 October 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=1 October 2017}} 57. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/newthu_cnt/faculties/index.html|work=清华大学 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:院系设置|language=zh}} 58. ^{{cite web|title=Tsinghua University organization|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/newthuen_cnt/faculties/faculties-1.html|publisher=Tsinghua University|accessdate=22 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408183832/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthuen/newthuen_cnt/faculties/faculties-1.html|archive-date=8 April 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 59. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/06/chinas-unfair-college-admissions-system/276995/|title=China's Unfair College Admissions System|last=Fu|first=Yiqin|date=2013-06-19|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-06-29|language=en-US}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng/admissions.jsp?boardid=34&bid2=34&pageno=1|title=Programs and Degrees|publisher=Tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=22 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401093200/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng/admissions.jsp?boardid=34&bid2=34&pageno=1|archivedate=1 April 2012|df=dmy-all}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_02/b3966074.htm|title=China's B-School Boom|date=9 January 2006|work=BusinessWeek|accessdate=22 April 2012}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/then/5984/index.html|title=Tsinghua University|date=|publisher=Tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=22 April 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403151309/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/then/5984/index.html|archivedate=3 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings?int=a27a09|title=US NEWS World University Rankings 2019|date=|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2018}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2018|title=QS World University Rankings 2018|date=5 June 2017|publisher=|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking|title=World University Rankings|date=|publisher=|accessdate=16 November 2018}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2018/regional-ranking|title=Asia University Rankings|date=14 March 2017|publisher=|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2019|title=QS University Rankings: Asia 2019|date=|publisher=|accessdate=16 November 2018}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html|title=ARWU World University Rankings 2018 - Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018 - Top 500 universities - Shanghai Ranking - 2018|website=Shanghairanking.com|accessdate=15 August 2018}} 69. ^[https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/brics-rankings/2018 QS University Rankings 2018] 70. ^https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/employability-rankings/2019 71. ^Best Chinese Universities Ranking, Overall Ranking - 2018 72. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_university_ranking_(CUAA) 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://rank2010.netbig.com/top100.html |script-title=zh:2010中国大学排名,2010大学排名,中国大学排行榜,2010全国大学百强榜单_网大|publisher=Rank2010.netbig.com|accessdate=22 April 2012}} 74. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats|title=World Reputation Rankings 2017|author=Phil Baty|date=2017-05-14|work=|publisher=Time Higher Education|pages=|language=en|format=|doi=|accessdate=2017-06-15|quote=}} 75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/brics-rankings/2013#sorting=rank+country=+stars=false+search=|title=QS University Rankings: BRICS|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Quacquarelli Symonds|accessdate=17 December 2013}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/asia|title=US News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings|accessdate=12 March 2015}} 77. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2018/list|title=CWTS Leiden Ranking|last=(CWTS)|first=Centre for Science and Technology Studies|website=CWTS Leiden Ranking|language=en|access-date=2018-06-07}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/subject-ranking/subject/engineering-and-IT|title=Times Higher Education World University Rankings Top 50 Engineering and Technology Universities 2014-2015|accessdate=12 March 2015}} 79. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2017/05/21/america-second-yes-and-china-lead-only-growing/7G6szOUkTobxmuhgDtLD7M/story.html|title=America second? Yes, and China’s lead is only growing - The Boston Globe|work=BostonGlobe.com}} 80. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.lsx.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dhis/2981/index.html|work=清华大学歷史系 |accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:機構設置|language=zh}} 81. ^{{Cite web|url=http://paper.i21st.cn/story/112069.html#searchaid|work=中国日报社|accessdate=2017-03-01 |script-title=zh:清华大学出版社外语分社:充分借助清华资源 让科技引领外语教学|author=王晓珊|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812112551/http://paper.i21st.cn/story/112069.html#searchaid|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 82. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.zhongwen.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/cll/2071/index.html|work=清华大学中文系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:联系我们|language=zh}} 83. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dphi/2912/|work=清华大学哲学系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:機構設置|language=zh}} 84. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/Soc/3028/|work=清华大学社會學系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:社会学系工作和学习环境|language=zh}} 85. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/psy/2316/|work=清华大学心理學系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:地址北京市海淀区清华大学伟清楼|language=zh}} 86. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.dps.tsinghua.edu.cn/|work=清华大学政治學系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:地址北京市海淀区清华大学明斋|language=zh}} 87. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sss.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/sss/8033/index.html |script-title=zh:學校各部門電話|publisher=Tsinghua University Institute of Social Sciences |author=|language=zh-cn|date=|accessdate=2016-02-28}} 88. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/portalweb/appmanager/portal/sem;SEMPORTALJSESSIONID=hkTvYLdB18LqJCxQ5ZGKpGwJ1mGyCXN7cJW5PK2g5BkQBxxhwyqJ!1967434293?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=P560069601269964098495|work=清华大学经济管理学院 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:联系方式|language=zh}} 89. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ee/3687/index.html|work=清华大学电子工程系|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:行政办公信息|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812113848/http://www.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ee/3687/index.html|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 90. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.riit.tsinghua.edu.cn/column/lxwm|work=清华大学信息技术研究院|accessdate=2017-03-21 |script-title=zh:联系方式|format=原始页面仅清華校内网访问|language=zh| quote =办公地点:清华大学信息科学技术大楼（100084）}} 91. ^{{Cite book | author =朱曉光 |script-title=zh:清華之旅| location = Beijing | publisher = 浙江人民出版社| date = 2013 | pages =155 |ISBN =9787213045462| accessdate = | url = | language= zh| quote = }} 92. ^{{Cite book | author =朱文一 |script-title=zh:中國大學校園指南清華大學| location = Beijing | publisher = Tsinghua University Press | date = 2010-10-01 | pages =60|ISBN =9787302239987| language= zh| quote = }} 93. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ad.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ad/2843/index.html|accessdate=2016-10-20|work=清华大学美術學院 |script-title=zh:院系介紹|language=zh}} 94. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.chem.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/chem/479/index.html|work=清华大学化学系 |accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:化学系介绍|language=zh}} 95. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.cess.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ess/7743/index.html|work=清华大学地球系统科学研究中心 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:联系方式|language=zh}} 96. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.phys.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/phy/5326/index.html|work=清华大学物理系|accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:清华大学物理系地址|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812114946/http://www.phys.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/phy/5326/index.html|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 97. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/math/7014/2016/20160530080232799642880/20160530080232799642880_.html|work=清华大学科学系 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:2016年"清华大学丘成桐中学生数学夏令营"报名通知|language=zh|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111005720/http://www.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/math/7014/2016/20160530080232799642880/20160530080232799642880_.html|archivedate=2017-01-11}} 98. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/he/6527/|work=清华大学水利水电工程系|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:历史沿革|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812115315/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/he/6527/|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 99. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/env/6417/index.html|work=清华大学環境學院 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:环境学院院馆（中意清华环境节能楼）位置示意图|language=zh}} 100. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsjc.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/jc/4589/index.html|work=清华大学新闻与传播学院|accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:联系我们 |language=zh}} 101. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.law.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/law/3296/index.html|work=清华大学法学院|accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:联系我们 |language=zh}} 102. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.eea.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/eea/1341/index.html|work=清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:管理机构|language=zh}} 103. ^Purple represents the college without an undergraduate. 104. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/newthu_cnt/education/edu-1-1.html|work=清华大学 |accessdate=2016-10-22 |script-title=zh:本科专业|language=zh}} 105. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/8919/2014/20140523095300158211129/20140523095300158211129_.html |script-title=zh:蒙民伟科技大楼|accessdate=2017-05-01 |author= |date=2014-05-23 |publisher= Tsinghua University |language=zh-hans |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501063045/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newthu/8919/2014/20140523095300158211129/20140523095300158211129_.html |archivedate=2017-05-01 }} 106. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ie.tsinghua.edu.cn/List/index/cid/4.html|work=清华大学工业工程系|accessdate=2017-05-01 |script-title=zh:行政机构|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812124402/http://www.ie.tsinghua.edu.cn/List/index/cid/4.html|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 107. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.dae.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dae/4476/index.html|work=清华大学汽车工程系|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:本科生教务|language=zh}} 108. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.te.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/te/2322/index.html|work=清华大学热能工程系|accessdate=2016-10-20|script-title=zh:本系地圖|language=zh}} 109. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.med.tsinghua.edu.cn/RelationServlet?menuClass=132|accessdate=2016-10-21|work= 清华大学医学院 |script-title=zh:联系我们|language=zh}} 110. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sps.tsinghua.edu.cn/cn/about/survey.html|accessdate=2016-10-21|work=清华大学药学院 |script-title=zh:关于我们学院概况|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812125356/http://www.sps.tsinghua.edu.cn/cn/about/survey.html|archivedate=12 August 2017|df=dmy-all}} 111. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://www.twoeggz.com/news/481504.html|work= 蛋蛋赞|date= 2016-09-14|accessdate=2017-03-01 |script-title=zh:有這樣一種方式可以留名清華|archivedate= 2017-02-28|language=zh|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228171451/http://www.twoeggz.com/news/481504.html}} 112. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiis.tsinghua.edu.cn/yaoclass/|work=清华大学交叉信息研究院|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:本科生概况(姚班)|language=zh|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021002146/http://www.iiis.tsinghua.edu.cn/yaoclass/|archivedate=21 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} 113. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.mse.tsinghua.edu.cn/|work=清华大学材料学院|accessdate=2016-02-26 |script-title=zh:地址：清华大学材料学院 逸夫技术科学楼|date= 2010-06-19|language=zh}} 114. ^{{Cite web |url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/ology/2000-06-19/28467.shtml|work=中新社|accessdate=2016-10-20 |script-title=zh:清华生命科学馆（伟伦馆）落成 |date= 2000-06-19|language=zh}} 115. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.qstheory.cn/zl/bkjx/201311/t20131101_285176.htm|accessdate=2017-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019174211/http://www.qstheory.cn/zl/bkjx/201311/t20131101_285176.htm |author=崔丽|publisher=中国青年报|date=2013-11-01 |script-title=zh:清华大学思政课因材施教"读历史 搞创作"|archivedate= 2014-10-19}} 116. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7815/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Introduction|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=6 November 2017}} 117. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7814/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Dean's Message|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 27, 2017}} 118. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Research Institute|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=6 November 2017}} 119. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120903151100415943495/20120903151100415943495_.html|title=Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 27, 2017}} 120. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904105909425106860/20120904105909425106860_.html|title=The Institute of Instrument Science and Technonoly|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 27, 2017}} 121. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904142718713895378/20120904142718713895378_.html|title=Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 27, 2017}} 122. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904143445471134822/20120904143445471134822_.html|title=Center for Photonics and Electronics|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 27, 2017}} 123. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7819/2012/20120903141457094331781/20120903141457094331781_.html|title=State Key Laboratory of Tribology|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 28, 2017}} 124. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7819/2012/20120903141401238669250/20120903141401238669250_.html|title=The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 28, 2017}} 125. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7819/2012/20120903141557489757687/20120903141557489757687_.html|title=Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=November 28, 2017}} 126. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7868/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: teaching laboratories|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=6 November 2017}} 127. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/6911/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Education: Introduction|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=6 November 2017}} 128. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20030488.html |title=Yigong Shi |publisher=Nasonline.org |date=9 November 2011 |accessdate=22 April 2014}} 129. ^{{cite web|title=2015 China Medical University Ranking|url=http://www.cucas.edu.cn/studyinchina/top/2015_China_Medical_University_Ranking_12.html|website=CUCAS|publisher=CUCAS|accessdate=15 February 2016}} 130. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.tsjc.tsinghua.edu.cn/index.php?id=110&styleid=2 |title=TSJC in brief |publisher=Tsjc.tsinghua.edu.cn |accessdate=22 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306021919/http://www.tsjc.tsinghua.edu.cn/index.php?id=110&styleid=2 |archivedate=6 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 131. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/law/6878/2011/20110323105215091140390/20110323105215091140390_.html |script-title=zh:清华大学法学院|website=Tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 132. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/law/6878/2011/20110317100631037535966/20110317100631037535966_.html |script-title=zh:清华大学法学院|website=Tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 133. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/law/3240/index.html |script-title=zh:清华大学法学院|website=Tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 134. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2017/law-legal-studies|title=Law|date=2 March 2017|website=Topuniversities.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}} 135. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/About/About.html |title=Overview of Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University |website=Sz.tsinghua.edu.cn |accessdate=22 April 2012}} 136. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/szen/166/index.html|title=Graduate School at Shenzhen,Tsinghua University|website=Sz.tsinghua.edu.cn|accessdate=14 April 2016}} 137. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/szen/images/n13_about_life_banner.jpg |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125040557/http://www.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/szen/images/n13_about_life_banner.jpg |archivedate=25 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 138. ^{{cite web|url=http://opa.yale.edu/news/article.aspx?id=7790 |title=Yale named among world’s ‘most beautiful campuses’ |publisher=Opa.yale.edu |date=24 September 2010 |accessdate=22 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902200428/http://news.yale.edu/2010/09/24/yale-named-among-world-s-most-beautiful-campuses|archivedate=2 September 2012}} 139. ^{{cite web|url=http://magazine.uc.edu/favorites/web-only/forbes.html |title=Forbes Magazine lists University of Cincinnati among world's most beautiful college campuses |publisher=Magazine.uc.edu |date=1 March 2010 |accessdate=22 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521104513/http://magazine.uc.edu/favorites/web-only/forbes.html|archivedate=21 May 2014}} 140. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/03/01/most-beautiful-campus-lifestyle-college.html | title=The World's Most Beautiful College Campuses | last=le Draoulec | first=Pascale | accessdate=8 March 2010 | date=1 March 2010 |work=Forbes}} 141. ^{{cite web | title=Global partnership aims to train 'exceptional' professional | author=Melissa Mitchell | url=http://www.news.uiuc.edu/news/07/0215partnership.html | publisher=UIUC News Service | date=15 February 2007 | accessdate=10 July 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514223443/http://www.news.uiuc.edu/news/07/0215partnership.html | archive-date=14 May 2007 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }} 142. ^See the Tsinghua opens New Tsinghua Xue Tang and University History Museum {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514034447/http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/newsen/6062/2011/20110429171133010321802/20110429171133010321802_.html |date=14 May 2013 }}. 143. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4205/2011/20110401113140104641057/20110401113140104641057_.html |script-title=zh:千余清华校友欢聚华南贺母校百年大庆|accessdate=2017-03-23 |author=骆昌威 |date=2011-04-01 |publisher=Tsinghua University News |language=zh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323110230/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/news/4205/2011/20110401113140104641057/20110401113140104641057_.html |archivedate=2017-03-23 }} 144. ^{{Cite web |url=http://news.sohu.com/20160408/n443684000.shtml |script-title=zh:哪所大学培养的政治局常委最多？|accessdate=2016-10-28|publisher=中国青年报|date=2016-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917144906/http://news.sohu.com/20160408/n443684000.shtml|archivedate=2016-09-17}} 145. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7I0gRcqNoRgC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=%22Qinghua+clique%22&source=bl&ots=_OzMeJy0fk&sig=VFEo0KIZEWcAEwP7dFo97HjWrB4&hl=en&ei=-WP8TMOtO4GkugOjyK3MCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22Qinghua%20clique%22&f=false |title=China's elite politics: political transition and power balancing |publisher=Google Books |accessdate=22 April 2012}} References{{Reflist}}External links{{Commons category}}
11 : Project 211|Project 985|Tsinghua University|Universities and colleges in Beijing|Architecture schools in China|Educational institutions established in 1911|Schools in Haidian District|1911 establishments in China|HSA Foundation members|C9 League|Vice-ministerial universities in China |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。