| 词条 | Vlah Church |
| 释义 |
| building_name =Vlah Church Влашка Црква | infobox_width = | image =Vlah Church, Cetinje.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | map_size = | map_caption = | location = | geo = | religious_affiliation = Serbian Orthodox Church | rite = | region = | state = Serbian Despotate (modern-day Montenegro) | province = Zeta | territory = | prefecture = | sector = | district = | cercle = | municipality = Cetinje | consecration_year = | status = Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral | functional_status = | architect = | architecture_type = | architecture_style = | founded_by =Vlachs who guarded the cattle of Ivan Crnojević | facade_direction = West | groundbreaking = | year_completed = c. 1450 | materials ={{Plainlist |
}} | nrhp = | added = | refnum = | designated = }} The Vlah Church ({{lang-sr|Влашка Црква}}) is a Serbian Orthodox church built in 1450 in the village, Donji Kraj[1] (on Cetinje field), Zeta, Serbian Despotate (modern day Montenegro). StećciThe church was built around 1450 on the site of Bogumils' necropolis, which had around 150 stećci (monumental, ornate tombstones).[2] Only two of them are preserved today. Originally they faced each other, and were recently reoriented to be side by side.[3] According to some legends, recorded for the first time by Ljubomir Nenadović,[4] the 17th-century military commander Bajo Pivljanin and his wife are buried beneath them.[5] According to another legend and documentary evidence the stećci mark the graves of the founders of the church -- Ivan Borojević, born in Stari Vlah, and his wife Jelica.[6] Origin of the nameThis church received its name for the Vlahs{{Cref2|A}} who guarded the cattle of Ivan Crnojević and built the church around 1450.[7][8] There are several additional theories about the origin of the term Vlah in the name of the church. Some authors believe that the term Vlahs in the name of this church is used as an exonym.[9] Other theories connect the name of the church to the fact that the terms such as "Vlach's church" or "Vlach's rituals" were indicators of belonging to Eastern Orthodox Church and Orthodoxy[10] or to demonym Vlahs (according to them this church was allegedly built by settlers from Stari Vlah in modern Serbia).[11] Building materialsThe church was initially made of "plot" ({{lang-sr|плот}}), i.e. of sticks, switches and mud. It was rebuilt three times. First as "suvomeđa" ({{lang-sr|сувомеђа}}), which means of stones without mortar; then of "klačena" ({{lang-sr|клачена}}), which is stones with lime mortar; and finally, in 1864 the church received its current form.[12][13] A guard rail around the church was built in 1897 using barrels of Ottoman rifles[14] captured in 1858 during the Battle of Grahovac.[15] Notes{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}{{Cnote2|A|Serbian scholars consider that shepherds at that time were referred to as Vlah, denoting not ethnicity but social class.[16]}}{{Cnote2 End}}References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Simo Popović|author2=Jovan R. Bojović|author3=Novica Rakočević|title=Memoari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCozAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1995|publisher=CID|page=41|quote="Влашка црква" коју је сада захватила варош била је прије рата још далеко од Цетиња на голој пољани. Она управо и не припада Цетињу него Доњем крају још од старога времена, када није ни било Цетиња. }} {{Cetinje}}{{Serbian Orthodox Church}}{{coord|42.3909|N|18.9244|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vlah Church}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Ratko Đurović|title=Crnom Gorom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEJpAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1969|publisher="Binoza," Grafički zavod Hrvatske|page=97}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Batričević|first=Đuro|author2=Cvetko Pavlović |title=Legende o Vlaškoj crkvi|journal=Pobjeda|date=10 September 2004|url=http://www.pobjeda.me/arhiva/?datum=2004-09-10&id=40972|accessdate=27 April 2013|quote= Prema Erdeljanovićevoj zabiljeci, dva sačuvana nadgrobna kamena bila su najprije okrenuta uzglavljem jedan prema drugom, pa su „u najnovije vrijeme” stavljeni naporedo.}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Batričević|first=Đuro|author2=Cvetko Pavlović |title=Legende o Vlaškoj crkvi|journal=Pobjeda|date=10 September 2004|url=http://www.pobjeda.me/arhiva/?datum=2004-09-10&id=40972|accessdate=27 April 2013|quote=Ljubomir Nenadović bio je prvi koji je zapisao da su pomenuti nadgrobni kamenovi pripadali istaknutom hajdučkom harambaši Baju Nikoliću Pivljaninu i njegovoj supruzi.}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Draško Šćekić|title=Putujući Crnom Gorom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_I4MAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1987|publisher=NIO "UR"|page=102}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Batričević|first=Đuro|author2=Cvetko Pavlović |title=Legende o Vlaškoj crkvi|journal=Pobjeda|date=10 September 2004|url=http://www.pobjeda.me/arhiva/?datum=2004-09-10&id=40972|accessdate=27 April 2013|quote= Naime, prema legendi, sačuvani nadgrobni spomenici pripadali su Ivanu Borojeviću i njegovoj ženi Jelici.}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=Narodno stvaralaštvo: Folklor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnQsAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1962|publisher=Nauchno delo|page=17|quote= Познато је да су чобани Ивана Црнојевића по Цетињском пољу и кроз Ловћен чували стоку. Они су са- градили цркву.}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Istorijski zapisi: organ Istoriskog instituta i Društva istoričara SR Crne Gore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kI0SAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1948|publisher=Istorijski institut u Titogradu|page=246|quote=Влашка црква је подигнута од пастира Ивана Црнојевића}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Ratko Đurović|title=Crnom Gorom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEJpAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1969|publisher="Binoza," Grafički zavod Hrvatske|page=97}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Zlatko Kudelić|title=Marčanska biskupija: Habsburgovci, pravoslavlje i crkvena unija u Hrvatsko-slavonskoj vojnoj krajini (1611. - 1755)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtFAAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=2007|publisher=Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest|isbn=978-953-6324-62-0|page=131|quote=pojmovi "vlaška crkva" ili "vlaški ili grčki obred" označavali su pripadnost Pravoslavnoj crkvi i pravoslavlju.}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Јован Ердељановић|title=Стара Црна Гора: етничка прошлост и формирање црногорских племена|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuQJAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1926|publisher=Слово љубве|page=299|quote= ...што су они били по- реклом из Старог Влаха, ова њихова црквица добије назив Влашка Црква .... Да су ту цркву заиста градили ови досељеници из Старога Влаха}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last=Batričević|first=Đuro|author2=Cvetko Pavlović |title=Legende o Vlaškoj crkvi|journal=Pobjeda|date=10 September 2004|url=http://www.pobjeda.me/arhiva/?datum=2004-09-10&id=40972|accessdate=27 April 2013|quote= Ona je prvobitno bila opletena prućem i oblijepljena blatom, a bila je sagrađena od „plota” i „kočeva”. Vlaška crkva je tri puta prepravljana: prvo kao suvomeđa, zatim od „klačnog zida”, da bi najzad, 1864. godine, dobila svoj današnji izgled. }} 13. ^{{cite book|title=Ilustrovani zvanični almanah-šematizam Zetske banovine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1QoAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=27 April 2013|year=1931|publisher=Državna štamparija|page=251|quote= Влашка Црква, сазидана како данас изгледа 1864 на темепьима старе цркве из 1450}} 14. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Spring|title=Great Europ Itinerar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHCgrPAe7YIC|accessdate=26 April 2013|date=20 February 1987|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=978-0-385-23336-1|page=224|quote=The railings around the fifteenth-century Vlah Church (Vlaska crkva) were made in 1897 from barrels of 1,550 captured Turkish rifles. }} 15. ^{{cite book|title=Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdTlAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1979|publisher=Njegoš|page=125|quote=Одмах је ту и Влашка црква, са чувеном оградом од пушчаних цијеви, пушака заробљених у граховској бици}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Narodno stvaralaštvo: Folklor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnQsAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 April 2013|year=1962|publisher=Nauchno delo|page=17}} 5 : Religious buildings completed in 1450|15th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings|Serbian Orthodox church buildings in Montenegro|1450 establishments|Cetinje |
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