“Voiceless alveolar flap”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条 Voiceless alveolar flap

释义

Features
Occurrence
Alveolar
See also
Notes
References
External links

{{Infobox IPA
|above=Voiceless alveolar tap
|ipa symbol=ɾ̥
|ipa number=124 402A
|xsampa=4_0
}}

The voiceless alveolar tap or flap is rare as a phoneme. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɾ̥}}}}, a combination of the letter for the voiced alveolar tap/flap and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 4_0.

The voiceless alveolar tapped fricative reported from some languages is actually a very brief voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar flap:

Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that the tongue makes very brief contact.
Its place of articulation is dental or alveolar, which means it is articulated behind upper front teeth or at the alveolar ridge. It is most often apical, which means that it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.

Occurrence

Alveolar

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali^[1]		bn\|আবার}}	[ˈäbäɾ̥]}}	'again'	/ɹ/}} in the syllable coda.^[1] See Bengali phonology
English		throw	[θɾ̪̊oʊ]}}	'throw'	/ɹ/}} after {{IPA\|/θ/}}.
Greek	Cypriot	el\|αδερφός}}	{{IPA\|[ɐðe̞ɾ̥ˈfo̞s]}}}}	'brother'	/ɾ/}} before voiceless consonants. May be a voiceless alveolar trill instead
Icelandic		is\|hrafn}}	[ˈɾ̥apn̪̊]}}	'raven'	/r̥/}} for some speakers. Also illustrates {{IPA\|/n̥/}}. See Icelandic phonology
Portuguese	European^[2]	pt\|assar}}	[əˈsäɾ̥]}}	'to bake'	/ɾ/}}; distribution unclear, but common in the coda in {{Harvcoltxt\|Jesus\|2001}}'s corpus. See Portuguese phonology

Notes

1. ^¹{{Harvcoltxt|Khan|2010|p=224}}
2. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Jesus|2001}}

References

{{Citation

|last=Jesus
|first=Luis Miguel Teixeira
|year=2001
|title=Acoustic Phonetics of European Portuguese Fricative Consonant
|type=Ph.D.
|publisher=University of Southampton
|url=http://sweet.ua.pt/lmtj/lmtj/Jesus2001.htm
}}

{{Citation

|last=Khan
|first=Sameer ud Dowla
|year=2010
|title=Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=40
|issue=2
|pages=221–225
|url=http://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%202010%20Bengali%20Bangladeshi%20standard.pdf
|doi=10.1017/S0025100310000071
}}{{Refend}}

External links

{{phoible|ɾ̥}}
{{phoible|ɾ̪̊}}

5 : Alveolar consonants|Flap consonants|Pulmonic consonants|Voiceless oral consonants|Central consonants

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