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词条 Voiceless uvular trill
释义

  1. Features

  2. Occurrence

  3. Voiceless uvular raised non-sonorant trill

     Features  Occurrence 

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

{{Infobox IPA
|above=Voiceless uvular trill
|ipa symbol=ʀ̥
|ipa number=123 402A
|xsampa=R\\_0
}}

The voiceless uvular trill is less common than its voiced counterpart.

Features

Features of the voiceless uvular trill:

{{trill}}{{uvular}}{{voiceless}}{{oral}}{{central articulation}}{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Afrikaans[1]af|goed}}[ʀ̥ut]}} 'good'/χ/}}. Some speakers realize it as velar {{IPAblink|x}}.[1] See Afrikaans phonology
Baïnounk GubëeherCobbinah|2013|p=166}}date=June 2014}}/r/}}.
DutchVerhoeven|2005|p=245}}nl|door}}[doːʀ̥]}} 'through'/r/}} before voiceless consonants and word-finally for speakers with an uvular {{IPA|/r/}}.{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}} Realization of {{IPA|/r/}} varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
FrenchDemolin|2001|pp=65, 67-68, 70-71}}fr|triste}}[t̪ʀ̥is̪t̪œ]}} 'sad'/r/}} after voiceless consonants; can be a fricative {{IPAblink|χ}} instead.{{sfnp|Demolin|2001|pp=65, 67-68, 70-71}} See French phonology
GermanKrech et al.|2009|p=86}}de|treten}}[ˈtʀ̥eːtn̩]}} 'to step'/r/}} after voiceless consonants for speakers that realize {{IPA|/r/}} as a uvular trill {{IPAblink|ʀ}}.{{sfnp|Krech et al.|2009|p=86}} See Standard German phonology
Khan|Weise|2013|p=235}}de|Rock}}[ʀ̥ɔkʰ]}} 'skirt'ʁ|ʁ̞}}, {{IPAblink|ʁ}}, {{IPAblink|χ}} and {{IPAblink|q}}. Doesn't occur in the coda.{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=235}}
LimburgishPeters|2006}}li|geer}}[ɣeːʀ̥]}} 'odour'/r/}}; may be alveolar {{IPAblink|r̥}} instead.[2]
Spanish Ponce dialect[3]es|perro}}[ˈpe̞ʀ̥o̞]}} 'dog'χ}} are the primary realizations of {{IPA|/r/}} in this dialect.[3] See Spanish phonology

Voiceless uvular raised non-sonorant trill

{{Infobox IPA
|above=Voiceless uvular raised non-sonorant trill
|ipa symbol=ʀ̝̊
|ipa symbol2=χ͡ʀ̥
|ipa number=123 402A 429
|xsampa=R\\_0_r
}}

Features

Features of the voiceless uvular raised non-sonorant trill:

  • Its manner of articulation is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced simultaneously.
{{uvular}}{{voiceless}}{{oral}}{{central articulation}}{{pulmonic}}{{clear}}

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
ArabicThelwall|Sa'Addedin|1999|pp=51, 53}}ar|خضراء}}[x͡ʀ̥adˤraːʔ]}} 'green (f)'Thelwall|Sa'Addedin|1999|pp=51, 53}} Also reported to be simply a fricative (velar, post-velar, uvular, depending on the dialect).{{sfnp|Watson|2002|pp=17, 19-20, 35-36, 38}} See Arabic phonology
Dutch Standard Northern[4]nl|acht}}[ɑʀ̝̊˖t]}} 'eight'[4] also described as a fricative, either post-velar {{IPAblink>x̠}} or uvular {{IPAblink|χ}}.{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1999|p=74}} See Dutch phonology
Tops|2009|pp=25, 30-32, 63, 80-88, 97-100, 105, 118, 124-127, 134-135, 137-138, 140-141}}[5]nl|brood}}[bʀ̝̊oːt]}} 'bread'Tops|2009|p=83}} Realization of {{IPA|/r/}} varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
EnglishWells|1982|pp=372–373}} clock[kl̥ɒʀ̝̊]}} 'clock'/k/}}.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|pp=372–373}}
Hebrew{{sfnp|Laufer|1999|p=98}}he|אוכל}}[ʔo̞χ͡ʀ̥e̞l]}} 'food'Laufer|1999|p=98}} See Modern Hebrew phonology
LimburgishHeijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=108}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=156}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=220}}li|waor}}[β̞ɒ̝ːʀ̝̊]}} 'was'/r/}} that has been variously described as occurring in the syllable coda{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=108}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=156}} and word-final.{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=220}} May be only partially devoiced.{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=108}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=156}} The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
Spanish Madrid[6]es|jazmín}}[x͡ʀ̥äðˈmĩn]}} 'jasmine'[6] Corresponds to {{IPA>[{{IPAplink|x}} ~ {{IPAplink|χ}}]}} in standard European Spanish. See Spanish phonology
Wolof{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=167}}{{example needed|date=December 2018}}{{IPA|x}}}} or {{angbr|{{IPA|χ}}}}.

See also

  • Index of phonetics articles
  • Uvular trill

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=John Wells's phonetic blog: velar or uvular?|url=http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2011/12/velar-or-uvular.html|date=5 December 2011|accessdate=30 April 2015}}
2. ^While {{Harvcoltxt|Peters|2006}} does not state that explicitly, he uses the symbol {{angbr|{{IPA|r̥}}}} for many instances of the word-final {{IPA|/r/}}.
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=ProQuest Document View - The Spanish of Ponce, Puerto Rico: A phonetic, phonological, and intonational analysis|url=http://gradworks.umi.com/34/24/3424164.html}}
4. ^1 {{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|p=191}}. The source says that it is a fricative with a "very energetic articulation with considerable scrapiness", i.e. a trill fricative.
5. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Verhoeven|1994|p=?}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Tops|2009|pp=22, 83}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Castilian Spanish - Madrid by Klaus Kohler|url=http://www.ipds.uni-kiel.de/kjk/pub_exx/kk2009_4/spanish/spa_madrid.html}}

References

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}}{{refend}}{{IPA navigation}}{{LetterR}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless uvular trill}}

5 : Trill consonants|Uvular consonants|Pulmonic consonants|Voiceless oral consonants|Central consonants
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