词条 | Tudor myth |
释义 |
The Tudor myth (or Tudor Myth) is the tradition in English history, historiography and literature that presents the period of the 15th century, including the Wars of the Roses, in England as a dark age of anarchy and bloodshed. It served the political purpose of promoting the Tudor period of the 16th century as a golden age of peace, law, order, and prosperity.[1] Shakespeare's Richard IIThere is a passage in Shakespeare’s play, Richard II, that is often pointed to as an expression of the Tudor myth. It is a speech by the character Carlisle, spoken just as Bolingbroke suggests that he will ascend the throne of England. Carlisle raises his voice to object, and ends with a vision of the future that seems to prophesy the civil wars that are the basis of Shakespeare’s English history plays:[2][3] {{poemquote|My Lord of Hereford here, whom you call king,Is a foul traitor to proud Hereford's king; And if you crown him, let me prophesy, The blood of English shall manure the ground And future ages groan for this foul act; Peace shall go sleep with Turks and infidels, And in this seat of peace tumultuous wars Shall kin with kin and kind with kind confound; Disorder, horror, fear, and mutiny, Shall here inhabit, and this land be call'd The field of Golgotha and dead men's skulls. O! if you raise this house against this house, It will the woefullest division prove That ever fell upon this cursed earth. Prevent it, resist it, let it not be so, Lest child, child's children, cry against you woe![4]}} Traditions in the histories of Richard IIIConspicuous in this tradition of history writing and literature was the portrayal of Richard III of England (1452–1485; reigned, 1483–1485) as a deformed hunchback and murderer. One of the historians who founded this tradition was Thomas More, who wrote a history of Richard III of England. William Shakespeare continued in this tradition through his history plays that covered the 15th century: Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV, Part 2, Henry V, Henry VI, Part 1, Henry VI, Part 2, Henry VI, Part 3, and Richard III. This tradition dominated the writing of British/Commonwealth-American history up until the twentieth century. However, Horace Walpole and Sir George Buck contradicted this dominant school of historiography during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.[5] The revisionist historian Paul Murray Kendall, author of Richard III (1956), among others, was instrumental in drawing the attention of fellow historians to the distortions of this tradition.[6][7] The concept of Merry England takes the opposite view of this period. More specifically, Ricardian historians, the Richard III Society and The Society of Friends of King Richard III have striven to provide historical perspectives more favourable to Richard III and his achievements during his brief reign.[8] Sources of the Tudor myth
Further line of the tradition
See also
References1. ^[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52175/page/n155] Tillyard, E. M. W. Shakespeare’s History Plays. Chatto & Windus (1944) {{ISBN|978-0701111571}} 2. ^Grene, Nicholas. Shakespeare's Tragic Imagination. Springer (2016) {{ISBN| 9781349249701}} 3. ^ Brustein, Robert Sanford. The Tainted Muse: Prejudice and Presumption in Shakespeare and His Time. Yale University Press, 2009 {{ISBN|9780300115765}} p. 135 4. ^Shakespeare, William. Richard II. Act 4, sc. i 5. ^Reese, M. M. The Cease of Majesty: A Study of Shakespeare's History Plays, New York: St Martin's Press, 1961 6. ^Kendall, Paul Murray. Richard III, New York: W. W. Norton, 1956 7. ^Kendall, Paul Murray. Richard III: The Great Debate: Sir Thomas More's History of King Richard III and Horace Walpole's Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard III, 1965 8. ^Gillingham, John. The Wars of The Roses: Peace and Conflict in Fifteenth-Century England. Louisiana State University Press, 1981 9. ^Carleton, Charles. Royal Warriors: A Military History of the British Monarchy. Routledge, 2014. p. 66. {{ISBN| 9781317873778 }} 10. ^Gross, Charles. The Sources and Literature of English History from the Earliest Times to about 1485. Longmans, Green & Company, 1900. p. 297. 4 : Historiography|Propaganda in the United Kingdom|15th century in England|16th century in England |
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