“Tudor Walters”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sir John Tudor Walters PC (1868 – 16 July 1933), was a British architect, surveyor and Liberal Party politician.^[1] He served as Paymaster-General under David Lloyd George from 1919 to 1922 and once again briefly in 1931 under Ramsay MacDonald.

Political career

Walters was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Brightside at the 1906 general election^[2] and was knighted in 1912.^[3]

He served as Paymaster-General in the Government of David Lloyd George from 1919 to 1922^[4] and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1919. He lost his seat at Sheffield at the 1922 general election.^[5]

He tried unsuccessfully to get back into the House of Commons in 1923 at Pudsey and Otley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.^[6] He returned to Parliament at the 1929 general election as Liberal MP for the Cornish seat of Penryn and Falmouth. He was once again briefly Paymaster-General from September to November 1931 under Ramsay MacDonald. He stood down from parliament at the 1931 general election.^[7]

Housing policy

He is best known for the Tudor Walters Report that appeared just as the World War was ending in November 1918 and influence British housing policy for a century.^[8] Walters was inspired by the garden city movement, calling for spacious low-density developments and semi-detached houses built to a high construction standard. Older women could now vote so local politicians started listening to them, and in response put more emphasis on such amenities as communal laundromats, extra bedrooms, indoor lavatories, running hot water, separate parlours to demonstrate respectability, and practical vegetable gardens rather than manicured yards.

Housewives had had their fill of chamber pots. His Report influenced the Housing and Town Planning Act of 1919.^[9] With it Prime Minister David Lloyd George set up a system of government housing that followed his 1918 campaign promises of "homes fit for heroes".

Called the "Addison Act", it required local authorities to survey their housing needs, and start building houses to replace slums. The treasury subsidized the low rents. Slum clearance now moved from being a public health issue, to a matter of town planning.^[10]^[11]

References

1. ^The Times House of Commons, 1910; Politico's Publishing, 2004 p49
2. ^The Times House of Commons, 1910; Politico's Publishing, 2004 p49
3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=28588|date=8 March 1912|page=1746}}
4. ^The Times House of Commons 1929; Politico's Publishing, 2003 p72
5. ^F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949, p. 235
6. ^F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p 521
7. ^F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p. 313
8. ^Mark Swenarton, "Tudor Walters and Tudorbethan: reassessing Britain's inter-war suburbs." Planning perspectives 17.3 (2002): 267-86.
9. ^Paul Wilding, "The Housing and Town Planning Act 1919—A Study in the Making of Social Policy." Journal of Social Policy 2#4 (1973): 317-334.
10. ^Martin Pugh, We Danced All Night: A Social History of Britain Between the Wars (2009), pp 60-62
11. ^Noreen Branson, Britain in the Nineteen Twenties (1976) pp 103-17.

External links