| 词条 | Tugela River |
| 释义 |
| name = Tugela | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = {{lang|zu|Thukela}} | name_etymology = | image = Amphitheatre_Drakensberg.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The Tugela River with the Amphitheatre in the background | map = JCW-Map-Natal-Tugela.png | map_size = | map_caption = The course of the Tugela river, from the west to the east border of KwaZulu-Natal. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = South Africa | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Province | subdivision_name3 = KwaZulu-Natal | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Towns | subdivision_name5 = Bergville, Colenso | length = {{convert|502|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = Drakensberg | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Indian Ocean | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|29100|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Tugela River ({{lang-zu|Thukela}}; {{lang-af|Tugelarivier}}) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is one of the most important rivers of the country.[1] The river originates in Mont-aux-Sources of the Drakensberg Mountains and plunges 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. The Mont-aux-Sources is also the origin of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange and the Vaal. From the Drakensberg range, the Tugela follows a {{convert|502|km|mi}} route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean.[2] The total catchment area is approximately {{convert|29100|km2|mi2}}.[2] Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry. TributariesThe Tugela has a number of tributaries coming off the Drakensberg, the largest being the Mzinyathi ("Buffalo") River (rising near Majuba Hill), but also the Little Tugela River, Klip River (rising near Van Reenen Pass), Mooi River, Blood River, Sundays River (rising in the Biggarsberg) Ingagani River and Bushman River.[2][3] The Buffalo River joins the Tugela some {{convert|19|km|mi|0}} east of Tugela Ferry at {{coord|28|43|04|S|30|38|41|E|}}. The Blood River was named by the Boers, led by Andries Pretorius, after they defeated the Zulu king Dingane on 16 December 1838, when the river is said to have run red with the blood of Zulu warriors. Below the Blood River is Rorke's Drift, a crossing point and a battle site, in the Anglo-Zulu War. EcologyThe Scaly Yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) is found in the Tugela River System. It is a common endemic fish in KwaZulu-Natal Province and it is found in different habitats between the Drakensberg foothills and the coastal lowlands, including rivers such as the Umkomazi.[4] SpellingThe spelling "Tugela" was used for most of the twentieth century; it is an Anglicised version of the Zulu name Thukela. Nineteenth-century writers adopted a variety of spellings including:
Some of the variations can be accounted for by the early European writers being unaware that Zulu grammar uses prefixes, often a "i-" or a "u-", to denote the noun class of a noun. See also
Notes1. ^Key rivers of South Africa {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120710162812/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |date=2012-07-10 }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/CMA/Thukela/ThukelaAppendixA2.pdf|title=Proposal to establishment a Catchment Management Agency for the Thukela Water Management Area - Appendix A|date=July 2004|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry|accessdate=2008-10-21}} 3. ^Thukela WMA 7 4. ^Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007 5. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M8VjAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=nathaniel+isaacs#v=onepage&q&f=false.|author = Nathaniel Isaacs|publisher = Edward Churton|year = 1836|title = Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I|accessdate = 2010-08-08}} 6. ^{{cite journal|journal = The Nautical Magazine|author = C R Maclean|title = Loss of the Brig Mary at Natal with Early Recollections of that Settlement - Two|date = February 1853|pages = 74–80|postscript= Reproduced in The Natal Papers of John Ross, edited by Stephen Gray; {{ISBN|978-0-869-80851-1}}}} 7. ^"Making outchoualla or native beer, at Gudu's kraal, Tugala River, Zulu country", a sketch by G F Angus; National Library of Australia. External links{{commonscat inline}}{{coord|28|45|00|S|28|53|45|E|region:ZA-NL_type:landmark|display=title}}{{Rivers of South Africa}} 3 : Tugela River|Rivers of South Africa|Rivers of KwaZulu-Natal |
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