| 词条 | Tumucumaque Mountains National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Tumucumaque Mountains National Park | iucn_category = II | photo = File:Oyapock maripa falls tree.jpg | photo_caption = | location = Amapá, Pará, Brazil | nearest_city = | map = Brazil |relief=1 | coordinates = {{coords|1|50|N|54|0|W|display=inline, title}} | area_km2 = 38874 | established = August 23, 2002 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = }} The Tumucumaque Mountains National Park ({{lang-pt|Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque}}; {{IPA-pt|tumukuˈmaki}}) is situated in the Amazon Rainforest in the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará. It is bordered to the north by French Guiana and Suriname. HistoryTumucumaque was declared a national park on August 23, 2002, by the Government of Brazil, after collaboration with the WWF.[1] It is part of the Amapá Biodiversity Corridor, created in 2003.{{sfn|Corredor de Biodiversidade do Amapá Biodiversity Corridor|p=43}} The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}} GeographyTumucumaque Mountains National Park has an area of more than {{convert|38800|km2|sqmi|-1}}, making it the world's largest tropical forest national park and larger than Belgium.[2] This area even reaches {{convert|59000|km2|sqmi|-1}} when including the bordering Guiana Amazonian Park, a national park in French Guiana. This combination of protected areas is still smaller than the three national parks system in the Brazil-Venezuelan border, where the Parima-Tapirapeco, Serranía de la Neblina and Pico da Neblina national parks have a combined area of over {{convert|73000|km2|sqmi|-1}}. But the latter is certainly smaller if the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park (Brazil) and the adjacent Guiana Amazonian Park (France) is combined with large neighbouring protected areas in northern Pará, Brazil, such as Grão-Pará Ecological Station, Maicuru Biological Reserve, and many others. The importance is that this makes the Guiana Shield one of the best protected and largest ecological corridor of tropical rainforests in the world. It is an uninhabited region and is of high ecological value: most of its animal species, mainly fish and aquatic birds, are not found in any other place in the world. It is a habitat for jaguars, primates, aquatic turtles, and harpy eagles.[3] The highest point of the Brazilian state of Amapá is located there, reaching 701 meters.[4] ClimateThe climate is tropical monsoon (Köppen: Aw), common in areas of northern Brazil in transition from biomes to the Amazon Forest.[5] It has an average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) and accumulated rainfall ranging from 2,000 (7.87 in) to 3,250 mm (127.95 in) per year.[6] {{Weather box| width = 100% | collapsed = | open = | metric first = y | single line = y | location = Tumucumaque Mountains National Park (border with Suriname), elevation: {{convert|325|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1961-1990 normals and extremes | Jan mean C =24.2 | Feb mean C =24.1 | Mar mean C =24.3 | Apr mean C =24.5 | May mean C =24.5 | Jun mean C =24.4 | Jul mean C =24.4 | Aug mean C =24.7 | Sep mean C =25.2 | Oct mean C =25.8 | Nov mean C =25.7 | Dec mean C =25.0 | Jan high C =29.0 | Feb high C =28.8 | Mar high C =29.2 | Apr high C =29.4 | May high C =29.5 | Jun high C =29.6 | Jul high C =29.9 | Aug high C =30.8 | Sep high C =31.7 | Oct high C =32.2 | Nov high C =31.6 | Dec high C =30.3 | Jan low C =20.7 | Feb low C =20.8 | Mar low C =21.0 | Apr low C =21.4 | May low C =21.3 | Jun low C =21.0 | Jul low C =20.7 | Aug low C =20.6 | Sep low C =20.4 | Oct low C =20.9 | Nov low C =21.0 | Dec low C =21.0 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm =111.2 | Feb precipitation mm =116.3 | Mar precipitation mm =168.1 | Apr precipitation mm =226.7 | May precipitation mm =348.5 | Jun precipitation mm =231.1 | Jul precipitation mm =189.4 | Aug precipitation mm =105.8 | Sep precipitation mm =76.9 | Oct precipitation mm =38.4 | Nov precipitation mm =43.8 | Dec precipitation mm =75.9 | Jan humidity =84.0 | Feb humidity =84.0 | Mar humidity =85.0 | Apr humidity =85.0 | May humidity =87.0 | Jun humidity =85.0 | Jul humidity =85.0 | Aug humidity =82.0 | Sep humidity =76.0 | Oct humidity =74.0 | Nov humidity =75.0 | Dec humidity =79.0 | Jan sun =121.7 | Feb sun =109.6 | Mar sun =112.0 | Apr sun =104.0 | May sun =129.7 | Jun sun =165.8 | Jul sun =171.5 | Aug sun =207.3 | Sep sun =218.9 | Oct sun =220.4 | Nov sun =199.4 | Dec sun =163.8 | source = NOAA[7] }} LegacyMozilla Firefox code-named the beta of Firefox 4 Tumucumaque.[8]References1. ^{{cite news|title=Brazil creates largest tropical park|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3077248/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/brazil-creates-largest-tropical-park/|accessdate=23 August 2015|work=NBC News / AP|date=Aug 22, 2003}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Brazil creates largest rainforest reserve|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2210914.stm|accessdate=23 August 2015|work=BBC News|date=23 August 2002}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=World’s largest tropical forest park created|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2712-worlds-largest-tropical-forest-park-created/|accessdate=23 August 2015|work=New Scientist|date=22 August 2002}} 4. ^Portal Brasil 5. ^{{Citation|last=Hunter|first=Allice|title=English: Köppen climate types of Pará, Brazil.|date=2018-11-21|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Par%C3%A1_K%C3%B6ppen.svg|access-date=2019-03-26}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314083143/http://portalamazonia.com.br/secao/amazoniadeaz/interna.php?id=159|title=Parque Nacional do Tumucumaque, Amapá|last=|first=|date=2016-03-14|website=web.archive.org|publisher=Amazônia de A a Z - Portal Amazônia|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-26}} 7. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/| title = Tirios Region (82026) - WMO Weather Station| accessdate = March 24, 2019| publisher = NOAA}} 8. ^[https://www.mozilla.org/parks/tumucumaque/ https://www.mozilla.org/parks/tumucumaque/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629082409/http://www.mozilla.org/parks/tumucumaque/ |date=2011-06-29 }} Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=Corredor de Biodiversidade do Amapá Biodiversity Corridor|publisher=CI-Brasil, Governo do Amapá, Fundação Lee & Gund|location=Belém |year=2007 |url=http://www.conservation.org/global/brasil/publicacoes/Documents/Amapa%20FINAL.pdf|accessdate=2016-11-05}}
|title=Full list: PAs supported by ARPA|publisher=ARPA |url=http://programaarpa.gov.br/en/full-list-pas-supported-by-arpa/|accessdate=2016-08-07}}{{refend}} External links
3 : 2002 establishments in Brazil|National parks of Brazil|Protected areas of Amapá |
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