| 词条 | Vulpes skinneri |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|1.977|1.98}}Pleistocene | image = Vulpes skinneri mandible.jpg | image_caption = Mandible of type specimen | genus = Vulpes | species = skinneri | authority = Adam Hartstone-Rose et al., 2013[1] }}Vulpes skinneri is a species of extinct fox in the genus Vulpes [1] of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago.[2] The species is known from a single partial skeleton discovered in the Malapa Fossil Site at the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa and is associated with the fossil hominin remains of Australopithecus sediba.[3] The fossils have been dated to between 1.977 and 1.980 million years ago.[2] Hartstone-Rose and colleagues described the remains as a newly discovered species of Fox called Vulpes skinneri (Vulpes for the genus of Old World foxes and skinneri after the well known deceased African mammalogist John Skinner)[1] of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago.[2] DiscoveryAlso found at the Malapa archeological site were a variety of animal fossils, including saber-toothed cats, mongooses, and antelopes.[2] Age estimatesThe fossil was dated using a combination of palaeomagnetism and uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating which showed that the fossils are not older than ~2.0 Ma. The occurrence of species of animal that became extinct at ~1.5 Ma indicate the deposit is not younger than 1.5 Ma. The sediments have a 'normal' magnetic polarity and the only major period between 2.0 and 1.5 Ma when this occurred is the Olduvai sub-Chron between 1.95 and 1.78 Ma.[2] As such, the fossils were originally dated to ~1.95 Ma. Recent dating of a capping flowstone illustrated this was not possible and the normal magnetic polarity sediments have since been correlated to the 3000-year-long Pre-Olduvai event at ~1.977 Ma. Morphology and interpretationsThree associated small canid specimens (an M2, a rib and a posterior mandibular fragment including the P4, M1, coronoid, condylar and angular processes) that were originally attributed to Vulpes cf. V. chama are reassigned to V. skinneri. In the paper describing the new specimens, the authors argue that “we compare these specimens to a broad sample of modern and fossil foxes and conclude that these specimens are distinct enough to be referred to a new species”[1] of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal |last=Hartstone-Rose |first=A |last2=Kuhn |first2=B. F. |last3=Nalla |first3=S. |last4=Werdelin |first4=L. |last5=Berger |first5=L. R. |year=2013 |title=A new species of fox from the "Australopithecus sediba" type locality, Malapa, South Africa|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=1–9|doi=10.1080/0035919X.2012.748698}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal |last=Dirks |first=P. H. G. M. |last2=Kibii |first2=J. M. |last3=Kuhn |first3=B. F. |last4=Steininger |first4=C. |last5=Churchill |first5=S. E. |last6=Kramers |first6=J. D. |last7=Pickering |first7=R. |last8=Farber |first8=D. L. |last9=Mériaux |first9=A.-S. |last10=Herries |first10=A. I. R. |last11=King |first11=G. C. P. |last12=Berger |first12=L. R. |year=2010 |journal=Science |title=Geological Setting and Age of Australopithecus sediba from Southern Africa |pmid=20378812 |volume=328 |issue=5975 |pages=205–208 |doi=10.1126/science.1184950|display-authors=8 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/210321/files/PAL_E4368.pdf }} 3. ^{{Cite journal |last=Berger |first=L. R. |last2=de Ruiter |first2=D. J. |last3=Churchill |first3=S. E. |last4=Schmid |first4=P. |last5=Carlson |first5=K. J. |last6=Dirks |first6=P. H. G. M. |last7=Kibii |first7=J. M. |year=2010 |title=Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa |journal=Science |volume=328 |issue=5975 |pages=195–204 |doi=10.1126/science.1184944 |pmid=20378811|citeseerx=10.1.1.729.7802 }} External links{{Wikispecies}}{{Commons category}}
6 : Pleistocene carnivorans|Prehistoric South Africa|Fossil taxa described in 2013|Prehistoric canines|Vulpes|Paleontology in South Africa |
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