“Wade–Giles table”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Wade–Giles table

释义

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References

{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}{{Short description|Table of all possible syllables of Standard Mandarin}}{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}

This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.^[1] Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

Group	Special combination
i	i+ê/o=ieh	i+ou=iu	i+an=ien	i+ên=in	i+êng=ing
u	u+ê/o=o/uo	u+ei=ui/uei	u+ên=un	u+êng=ung
ü	ü+ê/o=üeh	ü+ên=ün	ü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:

Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʻ	m	f	t	tʻ	n	l	k	kʻ	h	ch	chʻ	hs	ch	chʻ	sh	j	ts	tsʻ	s	Wade–Giles table
Group a Finals	ih/ŭ	chih	chʻih	shih	jih	tzŭ	tzʻŭ	ssŭ	ih/ŭ	Group a Finals
	a	a	pa	pʻa	ma	fa	ta	tʻa	na		la	ka	kʻa	ha	cha	chʻa	sha	tsa	tsʻa	sa	a
	ê/o	ê/o	mê	tê	tʻê	nê	lê	ko	kʻo		ho	chê	chʻê	shê	jê	tsê	tsʻê	sê	ê/o
	ai	ai	pai	pʻai	mai	tai	tʻai	nai	lai		kai	kʻai	hai	chai	chʻai	shai	tsai	tsʻai	sai	ai
	ei	ei	pei	pʻei	mei	fei	tei	tʻei	nei		lei	kei	hei	chei	shei	tsei	ei
	ao	ao	pao	pʻao	mao	tao	tʻao	nao	lao		kao	kʻao	hao	chao	chʻao	shao	jao	tsao	tsʻao	sao	ao
	ou	ou	pʻou	mou	fou	tou	tʻou	nou	lou		kou	kʻou	hou	chou	chʻou	shou	jou	tsou	tsʻou	sou	ou
	an	an	pan	pʻan	man	fan	tan	tʻan	nan		lan	kan	kʻan	han	chan	chʻan	shan	jan	tsan	tsʻan	san	an
	ên	ên	pên	pʻên	mên	fên	tên	nên	kên		kʻên	hên	chên	chʻên	shên	jên	tsên	tsʻên	sên	ên
	ang	ang	pang	pʻang	mang	fang	tang	tʻang	nang		lang	kang	kʻang	hang	chang	chʻang	shang	jang	tsang	tsʻang	sang	ang
	êng	êng	pêng	pʻêng	mêng	fêng	têng	tʻêng	nêng		lêng	kêng	kʻêng	hêng	chêng	chʻêng	shêng	jêng	tsêng	tsʻêng	sêng	êng
	êrh	êrh	êrh
Group i Finals	i	i/yi	pi	pʻi	mi	ti	tʻi	ni	li	chi	chʻi	hsi	i	Group i Finals
	ia	ya	tia	lia	chia	chʻia	hsia	ia
	ieh	yeh	pieh	pʻieh	mieh	tieh	tʻieh	nieh	lieh	chieh	chʻieh	hsieh	ieh
	iai	yai	iai
	iao	yao	piao	pʻiao	miao	tiao	tʻiao	niao	liao	chiao	chʻiao	hsiao	iao
	iu	yu	miu	tiu	niu	liu	chiu	chʻiu	hsiu	iu
	ien	yen	pien	pʻien	mien	tien	tʻien	nien	lien	chien	chʻien	hsien	ien
	in	yin	pin	pʻin	min	nin	lin	chin	chʻin	hsin	in
	iang	yang	niang	liang	chiang	chʻiang	hsiang	iang
	ing	ying	ping	pʻing	ming	ting	tʻing	ning	ling	ching	chʻing	hsing	ing
Group u Finals	u	wu	pu	pʻu	mu	fu	tu	tʻu	nu	lu	ku	kʻu	hu	chu	chʻu	shu	ju	tsu	tsʻu	su	u	Group u Finals
	ua	wa	kua	kʻua	hua	chua	chʻua	shua	jua	ua
	wo	po	pʻo	mo	fo	to	tʻo	no	lo	kuo	kʻuo	huo	cho	chʻo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʻo	so	ui/uei	wei		tui	tʻui	kuei	kʻuei	hui	chui	chʻui	shui	jui	tsui	tsʻui	sui	ui/uei
	uan	wan	tuan	tʻuan	nuan	luan	kuan	kʻuan	huan	chuan	chʻuan	shuan	juan	tsuan	tsʻuan	suan	uan
	un	wên	tun	tʻun	nun	lun	kun	kʻun	hun	chun	chʻun	shun	jun	tsun	tsʻun	sun	un
	uang	wang	kuang	kʻuang	huang	chuang	chʻuang	shuang	uang
	ung	wêng	tung	tʻung	nung	lung	kung	kʻung	hung	chung	chʻung	jung	tsung	tsʻung	sung	ung
	Group ü Finals	ü	yü	nü	lü	chü	chʻü	hsü	ü	Group ü Finals
		üeh	yüeh	nüeh	lüeh	chüeh	chʻüeh	hsüeh	üeh
üan		yüan	lüan	chüan	chʻüan	hsüan	üan
ün		yün	chün	chʻün	hsün	ün
iung		yung	chiung	chʻiung	hsiung	iung
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʻ	m	f	t	tʻ	n	l	k	kʻ	h	ch	chʻ	hs	ch	chʻ	sh	j	ts	tsʻ	s	Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table

Colour Legend:

"regular" initial or final Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)	syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final; note the special spelling of the initials ts, tsʻ, s in the syllables tzŭ, tzʻŭ, ssŭ

Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:

IPA	pu̯ɔ	pʰu̯ɔ	mu̯ɔ	fu̯ɔ	tu̯ɔ	tʰu̯ɔ	nu̯ɔ	lu̯ɔ	kɤ	kʰɤ	xɤ	ku̯ɔ	kʰu̯ɔ	xu̯ɔ	ʈʂu̯ɔ	ʈʂʰu̯ɔ	ʂu̯ɔ	ʐu̯ɔ	ʦu̯ɔ	ʦʰu̯ɔ	su̯ɔ	ɤ	u̯ɔ
Wade–Giles	po	pʻo	mo	fo	to	tʻo	no	lo	ko	kʻo	ho	kuo	kʻuo	huo	cho	chʻo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʻo	so	o/ê	wo
Bopomofo	ㄅㄛ	ㄆㄛ	ㄇㄛ	ㄈㄛ	ㄉㄨㄛ	ㄊㄨㄛ	ㄋㄨㄛ	ㄌㄨㄛ	ㄍㄜ	ㄎㄜ	ㄏㄜ	ㄍㄨㄛ	ㄎㄨㄛ	ㄏㄨㄛ	ㄓㄨㄛ	ㄔㄨㄛ	ㄕㄨㄛ	ㄖㄨㄛ	ㄗㄨㄛ	ㄘㄨㄛ	ㄙㄨㄛ	ㄜ	ㄨㄛ
Pinyin	bo	po	mo	fo	duo	tuo	nuo	luo	ge	ke	he	guo	kuo	huo	zhuo	chuo	shuo	ruo	zuo	cuo	suo	e	wo

References

1. ^A Chinese-English Dictionary.

2 : Romanization of Chinese|Mandarin words and phrases

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