| 词条 | Waitt & Bond |
| 释义 |
|name = Waitt & Bond |logo = |fate = Closed |successor = |foundation = 1870 |defunct = 1969 |location = Saugus, Massachusetts (1870–?) Boston, Massachusetts (?–1919) Newark, New Jersey (1919–1963) Scranton, Pennsylvania (1963–1969) |industry = Tobacco |key_people = Charles Henry Bond Henry Waitt |products = Cigars }}Waitt & Bond, Inc. was an American cigar manufacturer that was in operation from 1870 to 1969. During the early 20th century it was the largest cigar manufacturer in New England and one of the largest in the United States.[1] Early yearsWaitt & Bond was established in 1870 by Charles Henry Bond and Henry Waitt.[1] They began manufacturing cigars in a small shop in the Cliftondale neighborhood of Saugus, Massachusetts.[1] In 1902 the business was incorporated in Maine. In October 1917 it was incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts.[4] In 1885, Waitt & Bond, which was then doing business on Blackstone Street in Boston, launched what would become its most famous brand - "Blackstone".[2] Waitt & Bond later moved to a large factory on Endicott Street in Boston. Bond remained Waitt & Bond's president and general manager until his death in 1908.[3] After Bond's death, the company was run by William E. Waterman. In 1913 Waitt & Bond moved into its newly built factory, which was the largest cigar factory in the world under one roof.[7][8] Located at 716 Columbus Avenue, it contained automated machinery for handling tobacco as well as facilities for humidifying, storing, and routing the product.[4] Labor troubles and the switch to machine manufacturingDuring the early years of World War I, Waitt & Bond hired many refugees from Belgium. In addition to being expert cigar makers, many of them were socialists.[7] After this, Waitt & Bond clashed with the local union, who threatened to strike if the company hired more employees, implemented the use of machinery, weighed tobacco, ended the practice of cigar makers using their mouths to shape cigars, or dismissed an employee without the consent of a union committee.[7][12] On July 7, 1919, workers in all of Boston's major cigar factories walked off the job.[13] On August 13, Waitt & Bond announced that it was leaving Boston and relocating to Newark, New Jersey.[5] Once in Newark, the company switched from manufacturing by hand to manufacturing by machine. They were able to resume production six months after the strike was called. After Waitt & Bond adopted the use of machinery, other cigar manufacturers began to follow suit and by 1924 almost every other large cigar manufacturer was either using it or experimenting with it.[6][7] The switch to machine manufacturing allowed Waitt & Bond to substantially increase its production. This, along with the move to a more central location for distribution, gave the company the ability to go after the national market.[8] From 1929 to 1939, Waitt & Bond was a subsidiary of Porto Rican American Tobacco.[9][10] In 1943, Waterman died and Harley W. Jefferson, a longtime tobacco executive who had most recently served as head of the tobacco section of the War Production Board, was chosen to succeed him.[11] Jefferson resigned as president in 1956 at the age of 72, though remaining with the company as a director and consulting chairman. He was succeeded as president by Thomas A. Hansbury, Waitt & Bond's secretary-treasurer.[12] In 1955, the company acquired the cigar-making assets of the D. Emil Klein Company, which then changed its name to Demlein Corp.[13] In 1961 it acquired Alles & Fisher, Inc., which produced the JA, '63, and Pippin cigar brands.[14] Later years, renaming, and closureIn 1962, Hansbury resigned and chairman Edward Rapaport assumed his duties on a temporary basis.[15] Fred A. Roff, Jr., former president of Colt's Manufacturing Company, was elected president in 1964.[16] In 1963, the company headquarters moved from Newark to Scranton, Pennsylvania.[17] In June 1964, Waitt & Bond's stockholders voted at their annual meeting to rename the company the Blackstone Cigar Co. after its most popular brand.[18] In 1969 the company closed.[19] References1. ^{{cite journal|title=Waitt & Bond, Inc.|journal=Standard Corporation Records|year=1944|volume=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AN3eUr6kLuqjsQSm8oDIDA&id=LV1LAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Charles+H.+Bond%22|publisher=Standard statistics co., inc}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Waitt and Bond}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=The United States Patent Office|title=Levy et al. v. Waitt et al.|journal=Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office|year=1894|volume=68|issue=6-13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x9R8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1522&lpg=PA1522&dq|accessdate=January 20, 2014}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Bond Drowns in Bathtub|newspaper=The Boston Daily Globe|date=July 5, 1908}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|title=Moody's Manual of Investments: American and Foreign|year=1922|publisher=Moody's Investors Service}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|title=Waitt & Bond, Inc, to Leave Boston|newspaper=The Boston Daily Globe|date=August 14, 1919}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Can the Cigar Come Back?: A Great Industry in Process of Evolution|newspaper=Barron's|date=April 21, 1924}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Patricia Ann|title=Once a Cigar Maker|year=1987|publisher=University of Illinois Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mKFVJ1FGJMC&pg=PA144&dq}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Dickinson|first=Roy|title=When Labor Goes Too Far|journal=Business Digest and Investment Weekly|date=July 2, 1920|volume=25|issue=26|pages=834–836|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=muA7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA834&dq|accessdate=January 25, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Porto Rican American To Take Control of Waitt & Bond, Inc., Maker of Blackstone Cigar|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 3, 1929}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Porto Rican American Tobacco|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=September 9, 1939}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Named as President Of Waitt & Bond, Inc.|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 6, 1946}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=1930 Office Boy Named Waitt & Bond President|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 2, 1956}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=D. Emil Klein to Sell Some Assets|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=January 17, 1955}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Waitt & Bond Acquisition|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 19, 1961}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Hansbury Quits as President, Director of Waitt & Bond|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 14, 1962}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Fred A. Roff, Jr., Is Elected President of Waitt & Bond|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=January 9, 1964}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Waitt & Bond Says It Has 'Stemmed Tide' Of Cigar Sales Decline|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 17, 1963}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Waitt & Bond Name Change|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 15, 1964}} 19. ^{{cite news|title=Though Avanti stands as the sole survivor of the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre... [Derived headline]|newspaper=The Times - Tribune|date=July 8, 2007}} 13 : Cigar manufacturing companies|Companies based in Essex County, Massachusetts|Companies based in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|Manufacturing companies based in Boston|Manufacturing companies based in Newark, New Jersey|Manufacturing companies established in 1870|Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1969|Companies formerly listed on NYSE American|Saugus, Massachusetts|Scranton, Pennsylvania|Tobacco companies of the United States|1870 establishments in Massachusetts|1969 disestablishments in Pennsylvania |
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