| 词条 | Wallace F. Randolph |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Wallace Fitz Randolph | honorific_suffix = | image = File:Major General Wallace Fitz Randolph.png | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1841|06|11}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1910|12|09|1841|06|11}} | death_place = | placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S. | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = |allegiance = {{flag|United States of America|1861}} |branch = {{army|USA}} | serviceyears = 1861–1904 | rank = Major General | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles = American Civil War
| battles_label = | awards = | memorials = | spouse = | relations = | laterwork = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | website = | module = }}Wallace Fitz Randolph (June 11, 1841{{spaced ndash}}December 9, 1910) was a United States Army major general who enlisted as a private at the start of the American Civil War, rose in rank to Major General and, after serving in the artillery branch his entire career, became the first U. S. Army Chief of Artillery.[1][2] Early life and careerGeneral Randolph was born in Pennsylvania on June 11, 1841, to Dr. Charles Fitz and Margaret Gooch Randolph. His older brother was Edmund Dutilh Randolph, a prominent New York banker and insurance executive.[2][3][4][5] Civil WarOn April 18, 1861, enlisted as a private in Company F of the 17th Pennsylvania Infantry. He remained in that unit until June 28, 1861 when he was transferred to the newly formed Fifth United States Field Artillery and commissioned as a Second Lieutenant. His cousin Colonel Lorenzo Thomas arranged for his promotion. The unit was formed by proclamation of President Lincoln on May 4, 1861, but not ratified by Congress until mid July. All appointees of the unit, including Randolph, had their ranks dated from May 14, 1861.[1][2][6][7] His gallantry and display of good judgment in action near Winchester, Virginia, during the Second Battle of Winchester, earned him a brevet to Captain in 1863. It was during this time, Confederate forces captured Lieutenant Randolph's artillery battery and he was wounded. Sent to the infamous Libby prison, a converted brick warehouse in Richmond, Virginia, Randolph worked with others for eight months, standing watch and helping with the digging, eventually escaping the Libby prison. Over the week following, he was able to make his way through the city and into the swamps, avoiding capture until finally making his way to Federal troop positions near Williamsburg, Virginia.[1][2][6][8][15] He quickly returned to action, and was commended on many occasions for his bravery and efficiency.[2] In 1864, during the Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road, he was Aide-de-camp for the Fifth U. S. Artillery.[9] On March 13, 1865, at the close of the war, he was made a brevet Major of Volunteers "for good conduct and meritorious services during the war."[10][6] 1865–1898After the Civil War, Randolph continued to serve in light artillery units within the 5th Artillery, primarily stationed at Fort Hamilton, New York. In 1876, when his company (Company C) was ordered to Charleston, South Carolina, he moved with it.[11] In 1877, during the labor strikes, he took his battery to various towns in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Maryland to aid in suppressing violence and protecting property. By November 1881, the 5th Artillery was back in garrison in the forts in New York Harbor, headquartered again at Fort Hamilton.[1][22][12] Notable amongst ceremonial details in which he participated were funerals for Ulysses S. Grant,[13] and General Winfield Scott Hancock.[14] He also participated in the unveiling of the Statue of Liberty, where his 5th Artillery and Captain Ferdinand P. Earle's National Guard battery exchanged a Feu de joie salute.[15] In 1888, after promotion to Major, he was assigned to the 3rd Artillery.[16] Initially stationed at Washington Barracks, he served in various billets within the 3rd Artillery's, including Chief Signal Officer,[17] Inspector Artillery Target Practice,[18] and Division Inspector of Artillery.[19] By 1892, he was artillery sub-post and artillery sub-school commander at Fort Riley, Kansas.[20][21] In 1892, he participated in the dedication ceremony for the World's Columbian Exposition (i.e., the Chicago World's Fair).[22] Almost two years later, he was back in Chicago, commanding a Federal artillery battalion in support of government activities during the labor strike there.[1][22][23] Following his promotion to Lieutenant Colonel in March 1898, Randolph received orders to go to San Francisco.[24] Spanish–American WarAt the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Randolph was promoted to Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, and placed in charge of a light artillery brigade at Port Tampa, Florida.[10] He commanded all light artillery units throughout the war and participated in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.[1] 1899–1904The Chief of Artillery was created by act February 2, 1901, with Randolph filling that role for first three years. The position would last until 1908, when the Field Artillery and Coast Artillery were made separate.[1] In 1903, when United States Secretary of War Elihu Root reformed the organization of the War Department and created a joint board, General Randolph was one of the four Army general officers assigned to serve on the board.[25][26] He retired in January 1904 to his home in Washington, DC.[1] Promotions
AffiliationsHe was a member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac.[30] In 1899, he was elected as a principal officer in the Naval and Military Order of the Spanish–American War, representing the United States Volunteers. He was also made an officer in the Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba.[31] After his retirement, he was a member of the Board of Governors at the Chevy Chase Club.[32] Death and burialAbout a year after his retirement, Randolph started showing signs of becoming mentally depressed. Over the years, he grew more despondent, and eventually sought treatment from an alienist. By this time, he was having hallucinations that unknown enemies were pursuing him and his family. On December 9, 1910, he committed suicide in the bathroom of his home on New Hampshire Avenue in Washington, D.C.[1][22] Honorary pallbearers at his funeral included Brigadier General Montgomery M. Macomb, Colonels Hamilton Rowan (retired) and Charles G. Treat, Majors Parker West (retired), George F. Landers, William Chamberlaine and Henry T. Allen, and Captains Edwin Landon, Johnson Hagood, and Dan Tyler Moore.[33] His grave marker is one of the most idiosyncratic in Arlington National Cemetery. His resting place, including that of his wife and two daughters, is marked by a twelve-hundred-pound Napoleon cannon.[34] The brass fieldpiece, cast in 1862 and believed to have been used in combat during the American Civil War, was placed shortly after his funeral.[35] HonorsOne of the forts at the Panama Canal's Atlantic terminus was named Fort Randolph in his honor.[36] Camp Number 27 of the United Spanish War Veterans, in Yonkers, New York, was named for him.[37] The U.S. Army Mine Planter Major General Wallace F. Randolph. launched in 1942, is named for him. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|title=General Randolph Ends His Life With Pistol; Ex-Chief of Artillery, U.S.A., Blows Out His Brains in a Fit of Despondency |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/12/10/archives/gen-randolph-ends-us-life-with-pistol-exchief-of-artillery-usa.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=December 10, 1910}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Charles Randolph|url=http://www.pennock.ws/surnames/fam/fam31483.html|website=The Pennocks of Primitive Hall|publisher=Rash's Surname Index|accessdate=12 June 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Maris|first1=George Lewis|last2=Maris|first2=Annie M. (Pinkerton)|title=The Maris Family in the United States: A Record of the Descendants of George and Alice Maris. 1683-1885|date=1885|publisher=F. S. Hickman|location=West Chester, PA|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bn2sZhkbHEC|accessdate=12 June 2015}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Dr. Edmund D. Randolph, Financier and Insuruance Official, Dies at 81|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/New%20York%20NY%20Herald/New%20York%20NY%20Herald%201919/New%20York%20NY%20Herald%201919%20a%20-%200624.pdf|accessdate=12 June 2015|work=New York Herald|date=December 21, 1919}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hornor|first1=William S.|title=This old Monmouth of ours : history, tradition, biography, genealogy, and other anecdotes related to Monmouth County, New Jersey|date=1999|publisher=Clearfield Co.|location=[Baltimore, Md.]|isbn=9780806348605|page=290}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Henry|first1=Guy Vernor|title=Military Record of Civilian Appointments in the United States Army; volume 2|date=1873|publisher=Carleton|page=326|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWI7AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=Parry Family Records|date=1877|publisher=Daniel. C. Ryan|location=Philadelphia|url=http://memory.loc.gov/master/gdc/scdser01/200401/books_on_film_project/BOF001/Binder14pe.pdf|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Brief Military Services for General Randolph|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1910-12-12/ed-1/seq-13/|accessdate=10 June 2015|issue=The Washington Times|date=December 12, 1910|location=Washington, D. C.|page=13}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Reports, Documents, and Journals of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives|date=1893|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington DC|page=1061|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wUpAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|title=Lieutenant Colonel W. F. Randolph |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/05/29/archives/article-8-no-title.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 29, 1898}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Ordering Forward the Spare Companies|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1876-10-19/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=New-York Tribune|date=October 19, 1876|location=New York, NY|page=1}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Bush|first1=James C.|title=The Fifth Regiment of Artillery|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/r&h/R&H-5Art.htm|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|accessdate=11 June 2015}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Dust to Dust|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn2006060001/1885-08-13/ed-1/seq-2/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=Weekly Expositor|date=August 13, 1885|location=Brockway Centre, Michigan|page=2}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Hancock's Funeral|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026409/1886-02-17/ed-1/seq-2/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=The Somerset Herald|date=February 17, 1886|location=Somerset, PA|page=2}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Liberty Unveiled|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1886-10-29/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=The Sun|date=October 29, 1886|location=New York, NY|page=1}} 16. ^1 {{cite news|title=Nominations by the President|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1888-04-30/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=Evening Star|date=April 30, 1888|location=Washington, DC|page=1}} 17. ^{{cite journal|title=The Line|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=October 12, 1889|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bvs-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 June 2015|page=121}} 18. ^{{cite journal|title=The Line|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=November 28, 1889|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bvs-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 June 2015|page=250}} 19. ^{{cite journal|title=The Army|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=March 8, 1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bvs-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 June 2015|page=524}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=A Leader of Artillery|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1898-04-20/ed-1/seq-2/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=The San Francisco Call|date=April 20, 1898|location=San Francisco, CA|page=2}} 21. ^{{cite news|title=Our Light Artillery|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1894-12-09/ed-1/seq-29/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=The Sun|date=December 9, 1894|location=New York, NY|page=29}} 22. ^{{cite journal|title=World's Fair|journal=Army and Navy Journal|date=October 8, 1892|page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf8-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=12 June 2015}} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Scenes at Port Tampa |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/05/22/archives/scenes-at-port-tampa.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 22, 1898}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=Army and Navy Orders|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1898-03-15/ed-1/seq-1/|accessdate=11 June 2015|work=Evening Star|date=March 15, 1898|location=Washington, DC|page=1}} 25. ^{{cite book|last1=Root|first1=Elihu|editor1-last=Bacon|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Scott|editor2-first=James Brown|title=The Military and Colonial Policy of the United States: Addresses and Reports|date=1916|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge|page=432|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WBMFAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Army and navy Board; Secretaries Root and Moody Create a Joint Body for the Better Co-operation of the Two Services |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1903/07/18/archives/army-and-navy-board-secretaries-root-and-moody-create-a-joint-body.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=July 18, 1903}} 27. ^{{cite news|title=Presidential Nominations|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F04E4D81E39E433A25752C1A9659C94699ED7CF|accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=March 11, 1898}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=The United Service |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1901/04/11/archives/the-united-service-army.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=April 11, 1901}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=Congressional Notes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1903/02/20/archives/naval-bill-passes-house-an-amendment-appropriates-500000-with-which.html |accessdate=10 June 2015|work=The New York Times|date=February 20, 1903}} 30. ^{{cite book|title=The Society of the Army of the Potomac Report of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Re-Union|date=1904|publisher=MacGowan and Slipper|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqsTAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 31. ^{{cite book|last1=Greeley |first1=Horace |last2=Cleveland|first2=John Fitch|last3=Ottarson|first3=F. J.|last4=McPherson|first4=Edward|last5=Schem|first5=Alexander Jacob|last6=Rhoades|first6=Henry Eckford|title=The Tribune Almanac and Political Register|date=1900|publisher=The Tribune Association|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GoTAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015|page=181}} 32. ^{{cite news|title=A Deadly Social Feud|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1907-04-08/ed-1/seq-4/|accessdate=12 June 2015|work=Omaha Daily Bee|date=April 8, 1907|location=Omaha, Nebraska|page=4}} 33. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Military to Pay Honor to Maj. Gen. Randolph|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1910-12-10/ed-1/seq-5/|accessdate=10 June 2015|work=Evening Star|date=December 10, 1910|location=Washington, DC|page=5}} 34. ^{{cite book|last1=Poole|first1=Robert M.|title=On hallowed ground : the story of Arlington National Cemetery|date=2010|publisher=Walker & Co.|location=New York|isbn=9780802715494|pages=58–75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ec-mCAAAQBAJ|accessdate=20 July 2016}} 35. ^{{cite news|title=With the Rambler|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1915-03-28/ed-1/seq-61/|accessdate=10 June 2015|work=Evening Star|date=March 28, 1915|location=Washington, DC}} 36. ^{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Jon T.|title=The Panama Canal: An Army's Enterprise|date=2009|publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=9780160867279|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFM8D9nAAWQC|accessdate=10 June 2015}} 37. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Simmons|editor1-first=Maurice|editor2-last=Larkin|editor2-first=Ernest W.|title=Proceedings of the United Spanish War Veterans Department of New York|date=1911|publisher=J. B. Lyon Company, State Printers|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qwTAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=10 June 2015}} External links
5 : 1841 births|1910 deaths|People from Pennsylvania|United States Army generals|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery |
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