Turgenev (masculine, {{lang-ru|Тургенев}}) or Turgeneva (feminine, {{lang-ru|Тургеневa}}) is a Russian surname.

Notable people with the surname include the following:

• Ivan Petrovich Turgenev (fl. 1796-1803), rector of the Moscow State University
• Alexander Turgenev (1784-1846), Russian historian and statesman
• Nikolay Turgenev (1789–1871), Russian economist
• Ivan Turgenev (d. 1883), Russian novelist and playwright, who is the eponym of the main-belt asteroid 3323 Turgenev
• Pierre-Nicolas Tourgueneff (1853–1912) (original spelling was "Turgenev")

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