| 词条 | Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |native_name = Туркестанская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика |common_name = Turkestan ASSR |subdivision = Autonomous republic |nation = the Russian SFSR |p1 = Russian Turkestan |flag_p1 = Flag of Russia.svg |s1 = Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_s1 = Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1925-1926).gif |s2 = Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_s2 = Flag of Turkmen SSR (1926-1937).svg |s3 = Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_s3 = Flag of the Tajik ASSR (1929.02-1929.04).svg |s4 = Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast |flag_s4 = Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg |s5 = Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast |flag_s5 = Flag of Karakalpak ASSR (1934-1937).svg |image_flag = Flag of Turkestan ASSR (1919-1921).svg |image_coat = Emblem of the Turkestan ASSR.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = SovietCentralAsia1922.svg |image_map_caption = Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922, indicating the location and extent of the Turkestan ASSR (brown). |capital = Tashkent |era = Interwar period |date_start = 30 April |year_start = 1918 |date_end = 27 October |year_end = 1924 |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |political_subdiv = |today = {{flag|Kazakhstan}} {{flag|Uzbekistan}} {{flag|Turkmenistan}} {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} {{flag|Tajikistan}} }}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}} The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially, the Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic; 30 April 1918{{spaced ndash}}27 October 1924) was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia. During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government.[1] This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council ({{lang-uz|Shuroi Islamia}}) and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb. Shuroi Ulammo) met in Kokand city and declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s.[1] The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was officially proclaimed on April 30, 1918.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} In the late 1917, the TSFR was cut off from the RSFSR by the revolt of the Orenburg Cossacks, but held out, despite being surrounded by hostile states, until the arrival of the Red Army in September 1919 after the Counteroffensive of Eastern Front.[2] Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like Turar Ryskulov and Tursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Akmal Ikramov. The latter group won, as national delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924.[1] Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into Turkmen SSR (now Turkmenistan), Uzbek SSR (now Uzbekistan) with the Tajik ASSR (now Tajikistan), Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (now Kyrgyzstan), and Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast (now Karakalpakstan).[1]
TurksovnarkomChairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom")
References
1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title=The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era |first=Resul |last=Yalcin |publisher=Garnet & Ithaca Press |year=2002 |pages=36–38, 163–164 }} {{Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union}}{{coord|41.2667|N|69.2167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Smele|first=Jonathan D.|title=The 'Russian' Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World|url=https://books.google.be/books?id=3KaKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA228|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781849044240|page=228}} 14 : Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union|Early Soviet republics|Soviet Central Asia|States and territories established in 1918|Communism in Kyrgyzstan|20th century in Kyrgyzstan|Communism in Uzbekistan|20th century in Uzbekistan|Communism in Turkmenistan|20th century in Turkmenistan|Communism in Tajikistan|20th century in Tajikistan|1918 establishments in Asia|1924 disestablishments in the Soviet Union |
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