“Walter C. Williams”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Walter C. Williams (July 30, 1919 – October 7, 1995) was an American engineer, leader of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) group at Edwards Air Force Base in the 1940s and 1950s, and a NASA Deputy Associate Administrator during Project Mercury.

Biography

Walter Charles Williams was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on July 30, 1919.^[1]^[2] He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Louisiana State University (LSU) in 1939, and worked for Glenn L. Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland.^[3] He joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), in August 1940. During World War II he served as a project engineer on projects to improve the performance and handling of fighter aircraft such as the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, North American P-51 Mustang and Grumman F6F Hellcat.^[2]

In September 1946 Williams became the NACA project engineer on the Bell X-1, a rocket-propelled research aircraft. He assembled a team which moved from NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory in Hampton, Virginia, to the Muroc Army Air Base in California's Mojave Desert. His detachment at Muroc became the Dryden Flight Research Center in 1976,^[2] and the Armstrong Flight Research Center in 2014.^[4] He was involved in the testing of the X-1, the aircraft in which United States Air Force (USAF) Captain Charles E. Yeager carried out the first piloted supersonic flight at Muroc on October 14, 1947.^[2]

Williams went on to direct test programs for the new generation of jet aircraft, including Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, the first aircraft to fly at twice the speed of sound; the Bell X-5, which pioneered the variable-sweep wing; the Convair XF-92, which pioneered the delta wing, and the Century Series of supersonic aircraft which were the fruits of his research in supersonic flight. In January 1958, he became chairman of the Flight Test Steering Committee for the hypersonic North American X-15.^[3] He was the author of many NASA technical papers, including "The Comparison of Flight Measurement of High-Speed Airplane Stability and Control Characteristics", which he presented in Brussels in August 1956, and "The X-15 Research Airplane Program", which was presented at the American Rocket Society Space Exploration Regional Meeting in San Diego, California, in 1958.^[3]

Along with other NACA facilities, Williams' research station at Muroc was absorbed into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) when it was formed in October 1, 1958.^[3] In September 1959, he returned to Langley, Virginia, as the Associate Director of the Space Task Group, which had been formed to carry out Project Mercury, the United States' first manned space program. He became the project Director of Operations at Cape Canaveral, and as such supervised all the Project Mercury missions,^[2] including Alan Shepard's first American spaceflight, Mercury Redstone 3 in 1961, and John Glenn's fir American orbital flight, Mercury Atlas 6 in 1962.^[3]

In 1963, Williams became Deputy Associate Administrator in the Office of Manned Space Flight at NASA Headquarters. He left NASA in April 1964, and became Vice President and General Manager of the Vehicle Systems Division at The Aerospace Corporation, in which capacity he was responsible for systems engineering and technical direction of the Project Gemini Titan II launch and Atlas-Agena target vehicles, the Titan III launch vehicles, and the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory, along with Aerospace Corpoation activities at both the Eastern and Western Test Ranges. He returned to NASA Headquarters as Chief Engineer in 1975, a position he held until he retired in July 1982.^[2]

Williams was twice a recipient of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and received the Sylvanus Albert Reed Award in 1962,^[2] the John J. Montgomery Award in 1963.^[5] Haley Astronautics Award in 1964, the Federal Engineer of the Year Award from the National Society of Professional Engineers in 1981, and the American Astronautical Society Space Flight Award in 1978. He was awarded an honorary doctor of engineering degree by LSU in 1963.^[2]

Williams died at his home in Tarzana, California, on October, 7, 1995. He was survived by his wife Helen Manning Williams; sons Charles M. Williams and Howard L. Williams; and daughter, Elizabeth Ann Powell.^[1] On November 17, 1995, Kenneth J. Szalai, the director of the Dryden Flight Research Center renamed the Integrated Test Facility (ITF) there the Walter C. Williams Research Aircraft Integration Facility in his honor.^[3]

References

1. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/17/us/walter-williams-76-a-pioneer-in-rocket-and-jet-engineering.html |date=October 14, 1995 |title=Walter Williams, 76, a Pioneer In Rocket and Jet Engineering |first=Walter |last=Saxon |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 10, 2019 }}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web |title=NASA Pioneer Walter C. Williams Dies |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/NewsReleases/1995/95-30_pf.html |publisher=NASA|access-date=January 15, 2016 |date=October 10, 1995}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |editor-last=Gibbs |editor-first=Yvonne |title=NASA Dryden Center Director Biography: Walter C. Williams|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/Biographies/Directors/williams.html |publisher=NASA |access-date=January 15, 2016|date=July 30, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/Features/nasa-dryden-to-be-renamed-for-neil-armstrong_1.html |title=NASA Center Redesignated for Neil Armstrong; Test Range for Hugh Dryden |date=January 17, 2014 |publisher=NASA |access-date=January 10, 2019 }}
5. ^{{cite book |last= |first= |title=Astronautical and Aeronautical Events of 1963: Report of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to the Committee on Science and Astronautics |year=1963 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives, 89th Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://history.nasa.gov/AAchronologies/1963.pdf |p=465}}