| 词条 | Walter Roper Lawrence |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Walter Roper Lawrence, Bt | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=UK|GCIE|GCVO|CB}} | image = Walter Lawrence Vanity Fair 15 June 1905.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1857|2|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Moreton, Herefordshire, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1940|5|25|1857|2|9|df=y}} | death_place = | occupation = Baronet, Author | spouse = Lilian Lawrence | parents = George Lawrence and Catherine Lewis | notable_works = The Valley of Kashmir (1895); The India we served (1929); |}} Sir Walter Roper Lawrence, 1st Baronet, {{post-nominals|country=UK|GCIE|GCVO|CB}}[1] (9 February 1857 – 25 May 1940) was a member of the British Council-09[2] and an English author who served in the Indian Civil Service under the British in India and wrote travelogues based on his experiences of traveling around the Indian Subcontinent. Over the course of his wanderings, he developed a close affinity with the Indian and Kashmiri people, who figure prominently in his work. His best-known books are The Valley of Kashmir (1895) and The India we Served (1929). Walter Roper Lawrence was born on 9 February 1857 at his home town Moreton-on-Lugg, Herefordshire, England, the son of George Lawrence and Catherine Lewis. He married Lilian Gertrude James on 18 March 1885. Life in British IndiaWalter Roper Lawrence served in the Indian Civil Service Punjab (1879–1895).[3] He was appointed as the Settlement Commissioner for Jammu and Kashmir between 1889–1894, during the rule of Maharaja Pratap Singh.[4][5] While traveling in Kashmir, he recorded and produced a brief history on account of the geography, the culture of the people and the tyrannic Dogra rule over Kashmir. During his brief visit to Kashmir Valley, he authored, a first ever recorded, a complete encyclopaeda of Kashmir, The Valley of Kashmir.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} In 1896, Lawrence left the Indian Civil Service. He was recalled by the Viceroy of India Lord Curzon to act as private secretary. Lawrence served this role during 1899–1903.[4] He also accompanied the Prince and Princess of Wales to British India as Chief of the Staff.[4][6] In 1907, he served as a member of the Council of India. During the First World War, he worked on various missions for the Secretary of State for War Herbert Kitchener. In 1918 he was on the staff of the Indian Air Force with the rank of a Major General.[4] In 1919, he served on the British Mission to Palestine and Syria.[4] WorksAs an author his major works are The Valley of Kashmir (1895) and The India we served (1929). Lawrence was the first man who reported about the miseries faced by the people of Kashmir under the autocratic rule of Dogras.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} He wrote in his book The Valley of Kashmir: {{quote|The passage from Hazlitt‘s life of Napoleon, Bonaparte gives a fair idea of Kashmir before the settlement commenced: "The peasants were overworked, half-starved, treated with hard words and hard blows, subjected to unceasing exactions and every species of petty tyranny... While in the cities a number of unwholesome and useless professions, and a crowd of lazy menials, pampered the vices or administered to the pride and luxury of the great."[7]{{Primary source inline|date=December 2016}}}}DeathHe died at the age of 83 on 25 May 1940. See also
References1. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34898 |date=16 July 1940 |page=4398 }} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Walter Roper}}2. ^{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p49486.htm|title=Sir Walter Roper Lawrence|publisher=thepeerage.com|accessdate=2012-06-22}}{{Verify credibility|failed=y |date=February 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/indian_during_the_raj_part_3/contents-of-reels.aspx|title=Sir Walter Lawrence designations|publisher=ampltd.co.uk|accessdate=2012-06-22}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book | author=Dov Gavish | title=A Survey of Palestine Under the British Mandate, 1920–1948 |year=2005 | publisher=Routledge, 2005 | isbn=9780714656519 | page=275–276}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koausa.org/culture/walnuts.html|title=Walnut In Pandit Heritage – Rituals and Recipes|publisher=koausa.org|accessdate=2012-07-06}} 6. ^{{cite book | author=Helene Petrovna Blavatsky | title=Theosophical Quarterly Magazine, 1928 to 1929 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNiMqi53LcoC&pg=PA178&dq=Sir+Walter+Roper+Lawrence+-inauthor:%22Sir+Walter+Roper+Lawrence%22&output=html_text&cd=7 | accessdate=22 June 2012 |year=1929 | publisher=Kessinger Publishing, 2003 | isbn=9780766152861 | page=178–}} 7. ^{{cite book | author=Sir Walter Roper Lawrence | title=The Valley of Kashmir |year=1895 | publisher=Asian Educational Services, 1895 | isbn=978-81-206-1630-1 |page=2–}} 8 : 1857 births|1940 deaths|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|Companions of the Order of the Bath|English travel writers|Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|19th-century English people |
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